Isingeniso esifushane se-Polyethylene Resin

Isingeniso esifushane se-Polyethylene Resin

I-Polyethylene (PE) iyi-a i-thermoplastic i-resin etholwe nge-polymerizing ethylene. Embonini, ama-copolymers e-ethylene anenani elincane lama-alpha-olefin nawo afakiwe. I-polyethylene resin ayinaphunga, ayinabuthi, izwakala njengengcina, inokumelana nezinga lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu (ukushisa okuphansi kokusebenza kungafinyelela -100~-70°C), ukusimama okuhle kwamakhemikhali, futhi ingamelana nokuguguleka kwe-asidi ne-alkali (okungamelani ne-oxidation). i-asidi yemvelo). Ayincibiliki ezincibilikisini ezivamile ekamelweni lokushisa, nokumunca amanzi aphansi kanye nokufaka ugesi okuhle kakhulu.

I-polyethylene yahlanganiswa yiNkampani ye-ICI yaseBrithani ngo-1922, kwathi ngo-1933, iBritish Bonemen Chemical Industry Company yathola ukuthi i-ethylene ingenziwa i-polymerized ukuze yakhe i-polyethylene ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. Le ndlela yenziwa ngezimboni ngo-1939 futhi ngokuvamile yaziwa ngokuthi indlela yokucindezela okuphezulu. Ngo-1953, u-K. Ziegler we-Federal I-Republic of Germany ithole ukuthi nge-TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 njenge-catalyst, i-ethylene ingase futhi yenziwe i-polymer ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephansi. Le ndlela yafakwa ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni ngo-1955 yi-Hearst Company ye-Federal IRiphabhulikhi yaseJalimane, futhi yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi i-polyethylene enengcindezi ephansi. Ekuqaleni kwawo-1950, i-Philips Petroleum Company yase-United States yathola ukuthi ukusebenzisa i-chromium oxide-silica alumina njenge-catalyst, i-ethylene ingase yenziwe i-polymerized ukuze yakhe i-high-density polyethylene ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephakathi, futhi ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kwatholakala ngo-1957. Ngawo-1960s. , I-Canadian DuPont Company yaqala ukwenza i-polyethylene ephansi kakhulu nge-ethylene ne-α-olefin ngendlela yesisombululo. Ngo-1977, i-Union Carbide Company kanye ne-Dow Chemical Company yase-United States basebenzisa ngokulandelana indlela enengcindezi ephansi ukwenza i-polyethylene ene-low density, ebizwa nge-linear low-density polyethylene, lapho indlela yesigaba segesi ye-Union Carbide Company yayibaluleke kakhulu. Ukusebenza kwe-linear low density polyethylene kufana nalokho kwe-polyethylene ephansi, futhi inezici ezithile ze-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla ekukhiqizeni kuphansi, ngakho-ke kuthuthuke ngokushesha okukhulu futhi sekungenye yezinhlaka zokwenziwa ezidonsa amehlo kakhulu.

Ubuchwepheshe obuyinhloko bendlela yokucindezela okuphansi ilele ku-catalyst. Isistimu ye-TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 eyasungulwa ngu-Ziegler e-Germany iyisisusa sesizukulwane sokuqala se-polyolefin. Ngo-1963, i-Belgian Solvay Company yaphayona i-catalyst yesizukulwane sesibili enenhlanganisela ye-magnesium njengesithwali, futhi ukusebenza kahle kwe-catalytic kwafinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane kuya kumakhulu ezinkulungwane zamagremu e-polyethylene igremu ngalinye le-titanium. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-catalyst yesizukulwane sesibili nakho kungasindisa inqubo yangemva kokwelashwa ukuze kukhishwe izinsalela ze-catalyst. Kamuva, ama-catalysts asebenza kahle kakhulu endlela yesigaba segesi athuthukiswa. Ngo-1975, i-Italian Monte Edison Group Corporation yakha i-catalyst engakhiqiza ngokuqondile i-polyethylene eyindilinga ngaphandle kwe-granulation. Ibizwa ngokuthi i-catalyst yesizukulwane sesithathu, okungenye inguquko ekukhiqizeni i-polyethylene ephezulu.

I-polyethylene resin izwela kakhulu ekucindezelekeni kwemvelo (isenzo samakhemikhali nesemishini) futhi ayimelani nokuguga okushisayo kunama-polymers ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali nokucubungula. I-polyethylene ingacutshungulwa ngezindlela ezijwayelekile zokubumba ze-thermoplastic. Inokusetshenziswa okubanzi, okusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukwenza amafilimu, izinto zokupakisha, iziqukathi, amapayipi, ama-monofilaments, izintambo nezintambo, izidingo zansuku zonke, njll.

Ngokuthuthuka kwemboni ye-petrochemical, ukukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene kuthuthuke ngokushesha, futhi okukhiphayo kubala cishe i-1/4 yomkhiqizo wepulasitiki ophelele. Ngo-1983, umthamo wokukhiqiza we-polyethylene emhlabeni wonke wawuyi-24.65 Mt, futhi umthamo wamayunithi akhiwayo wawungu-3.16 Mt. Ngokwezibalo zakamuva zango-2011, umthamo wokukhiqiza emhlabeni wonke wafinyelela ku-96 Mt. Ukuthuthukiswa kokukhiqizwa kwe-polyethylene kubonisa ukuthi ukukhiqizwa futhi ukusetshenziswa kancane kancane kuya e-Asia, futhi i-China iya ngokuya iba imakethe yabathengi ebaluleke kakhulu.