Intshayelelo emfutshane yePolyethylene Resin

Intshayelelo emfutshane yePolyethylene Resin

Polyethylene (PE) yi a Thermoplastic i-resin efunyenwe nge-polymerizing ethylene. Kwishishini, ii-copolymers ze-ethylene ezinexabiso elincinci le-alpha-olefins nazo zibandakanyiwe. Intlaka yepolyethylene ayinavumba, ayinatyhefu, ivakala ngathi ngumthwebeba, inokumelana nobushushu obuphantsi kakhulu (ubushushu obuphantsi bokusebenza bunokufikelela ku -100~-70°C), uzinzo olululo lwekhemikhali, kwaye inokumelana nokhukuliseko lweasidi kunye nealkali (ayikwazi ukumelana ne-oxidation). iasidi yendalo). Ayinyibiliki kwizinyibilikisi eziqhelekileyo kwiqondo lobushushu begumbi, ngokufunxa amanzi aphantsi kunye nokugquma kombane okugqwesileyo.

I-Polyethylene yenziwe yiNkampani ye-ICI yaseBrithani ngo-1922, kwaye ngo-1933, i-British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company yafumanisa ukuba i-ethylene inokuthi ifakwe i-polymerized ukwenza i-polyethylene phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu. Le ndlela yenziwa kwimizi-mveliso ngo-1939 kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yindlela yoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Ngowe-1953, uK. Ziegler weFederal IRiphabhlikhi yaseJamani yafumanisa ukuba nge-TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 njenge-catalyst, i-ethylene inokuthi ifakwe i-polymerized phantsi koxinzelelo oluphantsi. Le ndlela yafakwa kwimveliso yoshishino ngo-1955 yiNkampani ye-Hearst ye-Federal IRiphabhlikhi yaseJamani, kwaye yaziwa ngokuba yi-polyethylene yoxinzelelo oluphantsi. Ekuqaleni kwee-1950, i-Philips Petroleum Company yase-United States yafumanisa ukuba ukusebenzisa i-chromium oxide-silica alumina njenge-catalyst, i-ethylene inokuthi ifakwe i-polymerized ukwenza i-polyethylene ephezulu phantsi koxinzelelo oluphakathi, kwaye imveliso ye-industrial yenziwa ngo-1957. Nge-1960s. , Inkampani yaseCanada yaseDuPont yaqala ukwenza i-polyethylene ephantsi kwe-ethylene kunye ne-α-olefin ngendlela yesisombululo. Ngo-1977, iNkampani ye-Union Carbide kunye ne-Dow Chemical Company yase-United States ngokulandelelanayo basebenzisa indlela yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ukwenza i-polyethylene ephantsi, ebizwa ngokuba yi-linear low-density polyethylene, apho indlela yesigaba segesi yeNkampani ye-Union Carbide yayiyeyona ibalulekileyo. Ukusebenza kwe-linear low density polyethylene kufana ne-polyethylene ephantsi, kwaye ineempawu ezithile ze-polyethylene ephezulu. Ukongezelela, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kwimveliso kuphantsi, ngoko kuye kwaphuhliswa ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kwaye kuye kwaba yenye yezona zinto zithatha amehlo ezintsha ze-synthetic resins.

I-teknoloji engundoqo yendlela yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ilele kwi-catalyst. Inkqubo ye-TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 eyaqanjwa nguZiegler eJamani sisizukulwana sokuqala se-poliolefins. Ngo-1963, iNkampani yeSolvay yaseBelgian yaba nguvulindlela kwisizukulwana sesibini i-catalyst enekhompawundi ye-magnesium njengomphathi, kwaye ukusebenza kakuhle kwe-catalytic kwafikelela kumashumi amawaka ukuya kumakhulu amawaka eegram ze-polyethylene ngegram ye-titanium. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-catalyst yesizukulwana sesibini kunokugcina inkqubo yonyango emva kokususa ii-residues ze-catalyst. Kamva, ii-catalysts eziphezulu zendlela yesigaba segesi zaphuhliswa. Ngowe-1975, i-Italian Monte Edison Group Corporation yavelisa i-catalyst enokuvelisa ngokuthe ngqo i-polyethylene engqukuva ngaphandle kwegranulation. Kubizwa ngokuba yi-catalyst yesizukulwana sesithathu, enye inguqu kwimveliso ye-polyethylene ephezulu.

I-polyethylene resin inomdla kakhulu kuxinzelelo lwendalo (ikhemikhali kunye nesenzo soomatshini) kwaye ayixhathisi kakhulu ukuguga kwe-thermal kuneepolima ngokubhekiselele kwisakhiwo sekhemikhali kunye nokucubungula. I-polyethylene inokucutshungulwa ngeendlela eziqhelekileyo zokubumba i-thermoplastic. Inoluhlu olubanzi lokusetyenziswa, olusetyenziselwa ukwenza iifilimu, izinto zokupakisha, izitya, iipayipi, i-monofilaments, iingcingo kunye neentambo, iimfuno zemihla ngemihla, njl.

Ngophuhliso lweshishini le-petrochemical, imveliso ye-polyethylene iphuhliswe ngokukhawuleza, kwaye i-akhawunti yemveliso malunga ne-1/4 yemveliso yeplastiki epheleleyo. Kwi-1983, umthamo wemveliso we-polyethylene wehlabathi wawuyi-24.65 Mt, kwaye umthamo weeyunithi ezisakhiwayo wawuyi-3.16 Mt. Ngokutsho kwezibalo zamva nje ngo-2011, umthamo wemveliso yehlabathi ufikelele kwi-96 Mt. kwaye ukusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngcembe kutshintshela e-Asiya, kwaye i-China iya isiba yeyona ntengiso ibalulekileyo yabathengi.