Udidi: iindaba
Nazi iindaba zenkampani kunye neshishini lokugquma umgubo.
Ukusetyenziswa kunye nokuqhubela phambili kwee-anti-slip coatings
Ukusetyenziswa kwengubo yomgangatho ongagungqiyo Umgangatho ongatyibilikiyo usebenza njenge-architectu esebenzayoral ukugquma ngezicelo ezibalulekileyo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Ezi ziquka iindawo zokugcina iimpahla, iindawo zokusebenzela, iindlela zokubaleka, amagumbi okuhlambela, amadama okuqubha, iindawo zokuthenga, neendawo zokusebenzela abantu abadala. Ukongeza, isetyenziswa kwiibhulorho zabahambi ngeenyawo, amabala emidlalo (amabala), iidekhi zeenqanawa, amaqonga okomba, amaqonga angaphesheya konxweme, iibhulorho ezidadayo kunye neenqaba zothungelwano olunombane ophezulu wombane kunye neenqaba zemicrowave. Kwezi meko apho ukuxhathisa ukutyibilika kubalulekile ngeenjongo zokhuseleko, ukusebenzisa ipeyinti echasene nokutyibilika kunokuba luncedo.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Uyisusa njani idyasi yomgubo kumavili e-aluminium
Ukususa idyasi yomgubo kumavili e-aluminiyam, unokulandela la manyathelo: 1. Lungiselela izinto eziyimfuneko: Uya kufuna i-stripper yekhemikhali, iiglavu, izibuko zokhuseleko, i-scraper okanye ibrashi yocingo, kunye nethumbu okanye iwasha yoxinzelelo. 2. Izilumkiso zokhuseleko: Qinisekisa ukuba usebenza kwindawo engena umoya kwaye unxibe izixhobo ezikhuselayo ukuze ugweme naluphi na udibaniso lwekhemikhali. 3. Faka i-stripper yekhemikhali: Landela imiyalelo kwimveliso kwaye usebenzise isihluli sekhemikhali kwindawo egqunywe ngumgubo.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Uthini umahluko phakathi kwepeyinti kunye nokwaleka?
Umahluko phakathi kwepeyinti kunye nokwaleka Umahluko phakathi kwepeyinti kunye nokwaleka kulele ekubunjweni nasekusetyenzisweni kwazo. Ipeyinti luhlobo lokwaleka, kodwa ayizizo zonke iipeyinti ezizipeyinti. Ipeyinti ngumxube wolwelo oquka ii-pigments, izibophelelo, izinyibilikisi, kunye nezongezo. Ii-pigments zibonelela ngombala kunye nokungafihli, izibophelelo zibamba ii-pigments kunye kwaye zibambelele kumphezulu, izinyibilikisi zinceda ngokusetyenziswa kunye nokunyuka komphunga, kunye nezongezo zongeza iipropathi ezahlukeneyo ezifana nexesha lokumisa, ukuqina, kunye nokuchasana nokukhanya kwe-UV okanyeFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ukunciphisa njani ukuba sesichengeni kwabasebenzi kwiingozi kumgubo wokugquma
Indlela yokunciphisa ukuvezwa kwabasebenzi kwiingozi xa usebenzisa umgubo wokugquma umgubo Ukuphelisa Khetha i-TGIC-free powder yokugquma umgubo ofumaneka lula. Ulawulo lobuNjineli Olona lawulo lobunjineli lusebenzayo lokunciphisa ukutyhileka kwabasebenzi ziidokodo, umoya wokukhupha umoya wasekuhlaleni kunye ne-automation yenkqubo yokugquma umgubo. Ngokukodwa: ukufakwa kwengubo yomgubo kufuneka kwenziwe kwidokodo apho umoya wokukhupha umoya onokuthi usetyenziswe xa usenza imisebenzi yokwaleka ngomgubo, ngexesha lokuzaliswa kweehoppers, xa ubuyisela umgubo kunyeFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Yintoni ukupeyinta ukutshiza kunye nomgubo wokugquma?
Ukupeyinta ukutshiza, kubandakanywa ukutshiza kwe-electrostatic, yinkqubo yokufaka ipeyinti yolwelo kwinto ephantsi koxinzelelo. I-Sprayg Painting inokwenziwa ngesandla okanye ngokuzenzekelayo. Zisixhenxeral iindlela zokutshiza ipeyinti ngeathomu: Ukusebenzisa isicinezeli somoya esiqhelekileyo – umoya ophantsi koxinzelelo ngomlomo wesixhobo esincinci, ukutsala ipeyinti elulwelo kwisikhongozelo kwaye kudala inkungu yepeyinti yomoya evela kumbhobho wesitshizi Isitshizi esingenamoya – isitya sepeyinti. icinezelekile, ityhala iFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ihlala ixesha elingakanani iPowder Coating
Ihlala ixesha elide kangakanani iPowder yokugquma iPowder Ubomi beShelufa bomgubo wokugquma Umgubo ungagcinwa unyaka omnye xa ukupakishwa kucocekile kwaye indawo yokugcina igcinwe ingena umoya kwaye ipholile. Ubomi obude beCoat yePowder Ukuxhathisa kwemozulu kwimigquba eqhelekileyo yomgubo yimfuzarally 2-3 iminyaka, kunye nomgangatho olungileyo iminyaka 3-5. Ukumelana nemozulu ephezulu, i-fluorocarbon resin powder coatings isetyenziswa, kwaye ukumelana nemozulu kunokudlula iminyaka eyi-15-20.
Ukusetyenziswa kweZirconium Phosphate kwiiCoatings
Ukusetyenziswa kweZirconium Phosphate kwiiCoatings Ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo, i-zirconium hydrogen phosphate inokongezwa kwi-resin, i-PP, i-PE, i-PVC, i-ABS, i-PET, i-PI, i-nylon, i-plastiki, i-adhesives, i-coatings, iipeyinti, i-inki, i-epoxy resins, i-fibers, iiceramics ezintle kunye nezinye izinto. Ukumelana nobushushu obuphezulu, ukubuyiswa komlilo, ukuchasana nomhlwa, ukuchasa umkrwelo, ukomelela okwandisiweyo kunye nokomelela kwezixhobo ezomeleziweyo. Ikakhulu inezi nzuzo zilandelayo: Ukomeleza amandla oomatshini, ukuqina kunye nokomelela kokuqina Inokusetyenziswa kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu ukunyusa ukusilela komlilo Isakhono esihle sokwenza iplastikiFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ukuqonda ngokupheleleyo i-MDF yokugqoka i powder
Ukufakwa kwepowder kwiindawo zetsimbi kuqiniswe kakuhle, kuzinzile kwaye kunolawulo olulungileyo. Ukuze uqonde ukuba kutheni i-MDF yokugqoka i-powder powder kunye ne-metal surface powder coatings yahluke kakhulu, kuyimfuneko ukuqonda iimpawu zendalo ze-MDF. Yimfuzarally wayekholelwa ukuba umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwesinyithi kunye ne-MDF kukuqhuba kombane. Oku kunokuba yinyani ngokwemilinganiselo yokuqhuba ngokupheleleyo; nangona kunjalo, akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kwiingubo ze-MDF ze-powder Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-MDF yokugqoka ipowderFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-Antibacterial Epoxy Powder Coating
I-Antibacterial Epoxy Powder Coating Powder Kwintsimi yeoli kunye nemibhobho yamanzi, kukho iibhaktheriya ezininzi, ngakumbi iibhaktheriya ezinciphisa i-sulfate, iibhaktheriya zentsimbi, ubukho bebhaktiriya ye-saprophytic kwaye ziphindaphindeka ngokuqhubekayo kunye nesikali sombhobho, kwaye ziphantsi kokuvalwa kakhulu kunye nokuhlwa. , impembelelo ngqo kwimveliso yeoli, ioli kunye nenaliti yamanzi. Imibhobho yamanzi kwintsimi ye-oyile, i-generalsebenzisa i-anti-corrosion yombhobho wentsimbi ofakwe ngodaka lwesamente, ukusetyenziswa kwealkali eyomeleleyo kudaka lwesamente ukunqanda.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Yintoni i-Epoxy Coatings
Iingubo ezisekelwe kwi-epoxy zinokuba ziinkqubo zamacandelo amabini (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-epoxy epoxy coating) okanye isetyenziswe njengomgubo. Iingubo ezimbini ze-epoxy zisetyenziselwa iinkqubo zokusebenza eziphezulu kwi-metal substrate. Ziyeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokwakheka komgubo kwimizi-mveliso kunye nezicelo zeemoto ngenxa yokuguquguquka okuphantsi kwazo kunye nokuhambelana nokuqulunqwa kwamanzi. I-epoxy powder isetyenziselwa ukugquma kwesinyithi kwiinkqubo "zempahla emhlophe" njengezifudumezi kunye neepaneli zezixhobo ezinkulu. I-epoxy coating nayo isetyenziswa ngokubanziFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Iindidi zezongezo zokuMata ezisetyenziswa kwiPowder Coating okanye ipeyinti
Zine Iindidi zezongezo zokuMatting ezisetyenziswa kwiPowder Coating Powder okanye ipeyinti. I-Silicas Kwintsimi ebanzi yee-silicas ezifumanekayo zokudibanisa kukho amaqela amabini ahluke ngokwenkqubo yawo yokuvelisa. Enye yinkqubo ye-hydro-thermal, evelisa i-silicas ene-morphology ethambileyo. Ngokusebenzisa iimveliso zenkqubo ye-silica-gel zinokufumaneka ezine-morphology enzima. Zombini iinkqubo ziyakwazi ukuvelisa i-silica eqhelekileyo kwaye emva kweemveliso ezinyangweyo. Emva konyango kuthetha ukubaFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Yintoni edityanisiweyo yomgubo wokugquma kunye nomgubo ongadityaniswanga
Yintoni edityanisiweyo yomgubo wepowder kunye ne-non-bonding powder yokugqoka I-Bonded kunye ne-non-bonding ngamagama aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa xa kubhekiswa kwi-metallic powder coating. Zonke i-metallics zisetyenziselwa ukuba zingabikho, oku kuthetha ukuba i-powder basecoat yenziwa kwaye emva koko i-flake yensimbi yaxutywa kunye nomgubo ukwenza i-metallic Kwi-powders edibeneyo, isambatho sesiseko senziwa ngokwahlukileyo, emva koko i-powder basecoat kunye i-pigment yensimbi ifakwe kwi-mixer eshushu kwaye ifudunyezwe njeFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-Filiform corrosion ibonakala kakhulu kwi-aluminiyam
I-Filiform corrosion luhlobo olulodwa lomhlwa olubonakala kakhulu kwi-aluminiyam. Lo mcimbi ufana nembungu erhubuluzayo phantsi kwengubo, ehlala iqala ukusuka kumda osikiweyo okanye umonakalo kumqolo. I-Filiform corrosion ikhula ngokulula xa into egqunyiweyo ibonakaliswe kwityuwa ngokudibanisa namaqondo obushushu angama-30/40 ° C kunye nokufuma okuhambelana ne-60-90%. Le ngxaki ke ngoko iphelele kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni kwaye inxulunyaniswe nendibaniselwano enelishwa yeealloyi zealuminiyam kunye nonyango lwangaphambili. Ukunciphisa i-corrosions ye-filiform kucetyiswa ukuba kuqinisekisweFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Yintoni iZinc Casting kunye neZinc Plating
Yintoni iZinc Casting kunye neZinc Plating ZINC:Into ebluish-white, metallic chemical element, edla ngokufumaneka ngokudityaniswa njengezinc etyebileyo epoxy primer, esetyenziswa njengokhuselo lwentsimbi, njengento edibanisa ialloys ezahlukeneyo, njenge electrode iibhetri zombane, kwaye ngendlela yeetyuwa kumayeza. I-Symbol Zn ubunzima be-athomu = 65.38 inombolo ye-athomu = 30. Inyibilika kwi-419.5 degrees C, okanye malunga. 790 degrees F. ZINC CASTING:Zinc kwimo enyibilikisiweyo igalelwa aFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Indlela yokusetyenziswa kweTeflon Coating
Indlela yeSicelo seTeflon Coating I-Teflon yokwambathisa inamandla okusebenzisa ezinye iipropathi ezininzi kwinto esetyenziswa kuyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo iipropathi zeTeflon ezingeyontonga mhlawumbi zezona ziqhelekileyo ezifunwayo, kodwa kukho ezinye iipropathi ezimbalwa, ezifana neempawu ezinxulumene nobushushu, ezinokuba zizo ezifunwa ngokwenene. Kodwa nokuba yintoni na ipropati efunwayo eTeflon, kukho iindlela ezimbalwa zokusetyenziswa: Umphezulu wento leyoFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ukusetyenziswa kokutshiza kwe-electrostatic kwenziwa zizinto ezintathu
Iiparamitha eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kokutshiza kwe-electrostatic okubandakanya: uhlobo lwe-nebulizer, inqanaba leeparamitha zokutshiza nge-electrostatic, i-conductive, njl. Amashishini asebenzisa izixhobo zokutshiza agqibe kwelokuba apeyinte imiba yokusetyenziswa kwepeyinti, inokwahluka kakhulu ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokutshiza ngepeyinti ezahlukeneyo. Ukusetyenziswa kwepeyinti ye-Nebulizer yezixhobo zokutshiza eziqhelekileyo kunye nobuntwana kakhulu: Umpu womoya oqhelekileyo, i-Electrostatic air spray gun Ukujikeleza ikomityi yesibini, indawo yokutshiza yokusetyenziswa kwepeyinti, njengobukho okanye ukungabikho kunye ne-electrostatic.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-Dry-Blended and Bonded Metallic Powder Coating
Yintoni kanye kanye iBonded Metallic Powder Coating? Imetallic powder yokwambathisa ibhekiselele kwimigquba eyahlukeneyo yomgubo equlathe imibala yentsimbi (efana nomgubo wegolide wobhedu, umgubo wealuminiyam, umgubo weperile, njl.njl.). Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa, imarike yasekhaya ikakhulu ithatha indlela yeDry-Blended kunye nendlela edibeneyo. Ingxaki enkulu kwi-powder yensimbi eyomileyo kukuba i-powder dropped ayikwazi ukuphinda isetyenziswe. Ixabiso lesicelo somgubo liphantsi, kwaye iimveliso ezitshizwe kwibhetshi efanayo azihambelani nombala, kunye neFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Peyinta ngaphezulu kweCoat yomgubo-Upeyinta njani phezu kwedyasi yomgubo
Peyinta phezu kwedyasi yomgubo – Upeyinta njani phezu kwedyasi engumgubo Indlela yokupeyinta phezu komphezulu wedyasi engumgubo – ipeyinti elulwelo eqhelekileyo ayiyi kuncamathela kwindawo eqatywe ngumgubo. Esi sikhokelo sikubonisa isisombululo sokupeyinta ngaphezulu komphezulu ogqunywe ngumgubo kuzo zombini ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Okokuqala, Yonke imiphezulu kufuneka icoceke, yome kwaye ingabi nakweyiphi na into enokuphazamisana nokuncamatheliswa kwezixhobo eziza kugalelwa.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ukulungiswa komphezulu wekhemikhali phambi kokugquma umgubo
Ukulungiswa komphezulu weKhemikhali Ukusetyenziswa ngokukodwa kunxulumene ngokusondeleyo nobume bomphezulu ococwayo kunye nobume bongcoliseko. Uninzi lwemigangatho egqunywe ngumgubo emva kokucoca inokuba yintsimbi, intsimbi, okanye ialuminiyam. Ekubeni kungengawo onke amalungiselelo ohlobo lweekhemikhali asebenzayo kuzo zonke ezi zixhobo, inkqubo yokulungiselela ekhethiweyo ixhomekeke kwi-substrate material. Kwimpahla nganye, uhlobo lokucoca luya kuxutyushwa kwaye iimpawu zalo ezizodwa zaloo substrate ziya kuchazwa. Iinkqubo zesicelo ezithile zilungileFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ukwandiswa kwendawo yeSicelo se-UV yomgubo
Ukwandiswa kweSicelo sokugquma umgubo weUV. Ukuxutywa kweepolyester ezithile kunye ne-epoxy resins ziye zavumela ukuphuhliswa kokugudiswa, ukugqitywa kokusebenza okuphezulu kweenkuni, isinyithi, iplastiki kunye ne-toner applications. I-Wood Smooth, iingubo ezicacileyo ze-matte zisetyenziswe ngempumelelo kwi-hardwood kunye nebhodi edibeneyo edibeneyo, efana ne-beech, ash kunye ne-oki. Ubukho beqabane le-epoxy kwi-binder buye kwandisa ukuxhathisa kweekhemikhali kuzo zonke iingubo ezivavanyiweyo. Inxalenye yentengiso enomtsalane yokugquma komgubo we-UVFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-Cyclone Recycling kunye neFilter Recycling kwiPowder Coating Powder Manufacturing
I-Cyclone Recycling kunye neFilter Recycling kwiPowder Coating Powder Manufacturing Cyclone recycling Ulwakhiwo olulula. Ukucoca okulula. Ukusebenza kokwahlula kuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo omkhulu kwiimeko zokusebenza. Inokuvelisa inkunkuma eninzi. Isihluzo sihlaziywa kwakhona Wonke umgubo uhlaziywa. Ukuqokelelwa kwamasuntswana acolekileyo. Inokuvelisa iingxaki ngenkqubo yokutshiza, ngakumbi ngokutshaja kwefriction. Ukucoca okubanzi: imfuneko yokutshintsha isihluzi phakathi kwemibala.
I-Powder Coating esebenzayo: I-Insulated kunye ne-Conductive Powder coatings
I-powder coating luhlobo olutsha lwe-solvent-free 100% yokugquma umgubo oqinileyo. Ine-solvent-free, engangcolisi, inokuphinda isetyenziswe, ihambelana nokusingqongileyo, igcina amandla kunye nezibonelelo, kunye nokunciphisa amandla okusebenza kunye namandla omatshini wefilimu. Ifom yokwaleka kunye nokuqulunqwa kwezinto eziqinileyo zokugubungela ukuya kwi-100%, ngenxa yokuba azisebenzisi i-solvents, ngaloo ndlela zinciphisa ukungcoliseka kwendalo, zigcina izixhobo kunye neempawu ezinokuphinda zisetyenziswe. I-powder powder esebenzayo ngumsebenzi okhethekileyo, izinto zokugubungela umphezulu wokubonelela ngeenjongo ezikhethekileyo. Akunjalo kuphelaFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
iinzuzo zokutshiza umgubo kwindawo aluminiyam
Unyango lomphezulu weAluminiyam kwijiniral anodizing, electrophoretic ukutyabeka kunye powder ukutyabeka ukutshiza iintlobo ezintathu zonyango, nganye kwezi ndlela zineengenelo zabo, isabelo esibonakalayo kwimarike. Phakathi kwazo, ukutshiza komgubo wokutshiza, kukho ezi nzuzo zibalulekileyo zilandelayo: 1. Inkqubo ilula ngokwentelekiso, ikakhulu ngenxa yokuphucula ngokuzenzekelayo ukuchaneka kwezixhobo zenkqubo yokuvelisa, ulawulo lwe-microcomputer kwezinye iiparamitha ezinkulu zobugcisa zinokunciphisa ngempumelelo ubunzima inkqubo yokusebenza, kunye nezixhobo ezincedisayo ziyancipha kakhuluFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-zinc casting ingagqunywa ngumgubo
i-zinc casting ingaba ngumgubo owenziwe ngumgubo. Umoya ovalelwe kufutshane nomphezulu unokunwebeka kwaye uyiqhawule ifilimu ngexesha lenkqubo yonyango. Zisixhenxeral iindlela zokunciphisa ingxaki. Uyakwazi ukutshisa ngaphambili inxalenye yokuqhuba umoya obanjwe obangela ingxaki. Fudumeza inxalenye kwiqondo lokushisa malunga ne-50 ° F enkulu kunobushushu bonyango, yipholise phantsi,Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Umthengi uthatha isigqibo se-MDF somgubo wokugquma umgangatho womgubo
UmThengi uthatha isigqibo se-MDF somgangatho wepowder powder Yeyiphi inqanaba lomgangatho we-MDF we-powder powder ofunekayo ekugqibeleni ufikelele kumthengi. Iimfuno ezahlukeneyo zabathengi kwiingubo ze-MDF ze powder zibaluleke kakhulu. Ukuveliswa kweekhabhinethi zeTV, iimonitha, ifenitshala yokuhlambela okanye iingcango zekhabhinethi, iingubo ze-MDF zihluke kakhulu. Ukugqiba ukuba yeyiphi i-powder kunye nekhwalithi ye-MDF kunye noyilo lomgca wepeyinti oza kuyisebenzisa, kufuneka siqonde kuqala iimfuno zomgangatho wabathengi Xa kuziwa ekufezekiseni umgangatho ophezulu we-MDF.Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Yintoni imingeni yeMDF yoKutyabeka ngePowder
Imingeni ye-MDF Powder Coating yaseChina imveliso yonyaka engaphezulu kwekhulu lesigidi se-cubic metres. I-MDF (i-medium density fiberboard), imveliso yonyaka malunga ne-30 yezigidi ze-cubic metres ye-16mm ye-specification operator, ukukhanya kwe-MDF kukho malunga ne-1.8 yeebhiliyoni zeemitha ezikwere. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ngaphandle kwe-MDF fiberboard efana nebhodi yepopcorn, njl njl. Kulindeleke ukuba kubekho imarike enokubakho yamakhulu amawaka eetoni zomthamo womgubo. Ngamanye amazwi, iFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokugquma kwamanzi
Iimpawu zokukhetha ukugquma kwamanzi kwisisombululo, i-nano-ceramic hollow particles, i-silica alumina fibers, zonke iintlobo zezinto ezibonakalayo njengeyona nto iphambili, i-thermal conductivity kuphela i-0.03W / mK, inokucinezela ngokufanelekileyo ukushisa kwemitha ye-infrared kunye nokushisa ukushisa. Ehlotyeni elitshisayo, kwiqondo lobushushu elingaphezulu kwama-40 ℃, kuya kuba yinto engafanelekanga ukwenza into yokungangeni manzi, ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo: ulwakhiwo olungenamanzi okanye olune-solvent phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphezulu luya kuqina ngokukhawuleza, lubangele ubunzima, luchaphazele ulwakhiwo. umgangatho;Funda ngokugqithisileyo …
Izinto eziphembelela impumelelo yokutshiza ngomgubo
Ezinye izinto eziBalulekileyo eziphembelela ukusebenza kakuhle kokutshiza komgubo ukutshiza iGun Positioning Zonke iinkqubo zokugquma umgubo zifuna umgubo, unqunyanyiswe ekuhambeni kwawo komoya, ube kufutshane kangangoko kwinto. Amandla omtsalane we-electrostatic phakathi kwamasuntswana omgubo kunye nento ayancipha ngesikwere somgama phakathi kwazo (D2), kwaye kuphela xa loo mgama uziisentimitha ezimbalwa apho umgubo uya kutsalelwa ngakuloo nto. Ukubekwa ngononophelo kwesibhamu sokutshiza kwakhona kuqinisekisa ukuba encinci kunyeFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
I-D523-08 Indlela yoVavanyo oluMgangatho lwe-Specular Gloss
I-D523-08 Indlela yoVavanyo oluMiselweyo lwe-Special Gloss Lo mgangatho ukhutshwa phantsi kwegama elimiselweyo elithi D523; Inani elilandela emva konyulo libonisa unyaka wokwamkelwa kwasekuqaleni okanye, kwimeko yohlaziyo, unyaka wohlaziyo lokugqibela. Inani elikwizibiyeli libonisa unyaka wokuvunywa kwakhona kokugqibela . I-epsilon ye-superscripl ibonisa utshintsho lokuhlela ukususela kuhlaziyo lokugqibela okanye ukuvunywa kwakhona. Lo mgangatho uvunyiwe ukuba usetyenziswe ngamaziko eSebe lezoKhuselo. 1. Umda weFunda ngokugqithisileyo …
Inkqubela yetekhnoloji yokwaleka icoil powder
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