Ukulungiswa kwendawo yamakhemikhali ngaphambi kokumbozwa kwempushana
Ukulungiswa Kwama-Chemical Surface
Ukusetshenziswa okukhethekile kuhlobene eduze nemvelo yendawo ehlanzwayo kanye nemvelo yokungcoliswa. Iningi lezindawo eziyimpushana ezigcotshwa ngemva kokuhlanza ziyinsimbi, insimbi, noma i-aluminium. Njengoba kungewona wonke amalungiselelo ohlobo lwamakhemikhali asebenzayo kuzo zonke lezi zinto, inqubo yokulungiselela ekhethiwe incike ezintweni ze-substrate. Ngento ngayinye, uhlobo lokuhlanza kuzoxoxwa ngalo futhi izici zalo eziyingqayizivele zaleyo substrate zizochazwa. Izinqubo zohlelo ezithize ziyefana kumpahla ngayinye.
UKUHLANZA IZINSIMBI
Ama-alkaline Acashile
Izihlanzi ze-alkaline zensimbi ethathiwe ngokuvamile zinengxube yosawoti we-alkaline ongonakali indawo engaphezulu ye-zinc. Kwezinye izimo, inani elincane ukuya kokumaphakathi le-caustic soda yamahhala lingase libe khona endaweni yokuhlanza ukususa inhlabathi enzima noma ukunikeza i-etch oyifunayo. Lezi zihlanzi zingasetshenziswa ngesifutho samandla, ukucwiliswa, ukuhlanza ugesi, noma ukwesula ngesandla.
Endleleni yesifutho samandla, izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zimiswa emhubheni ngenkathi isisombululo sokuhlanza siphonswa ethangini lokubamba futhi sifuthwe, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ezingxenyeni. Isixazululo sokuhlanza sibe sesiphinda sijikelezwa ngokuqhubekayo. Umfutho we-spray usukela ku-4 kuye ku-40 psi.
Endleleni yokucwiliswa, izingxenye okufanele zihlanzwe zimane zicwiliswe esixazululweni sokuhlanza esiqukethwe ethangini lensimbi elithambile noma lensimbi engagqwali.
I-Electrocleaning inguqulo ekhethekile yokuhlanza ukucwiliswa lapho umbane oqondile udlula isisombululo. Izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zilengiswe kusixazululo futhi ziyi-anode, kanti amanye ama-electrode asebenza njenge-cathode. I-Electrocleaning iphumelela kakhulu kunokucwiliswa obala ngenxa yesenzo sokukhuhla samabhamuza egesi akhiqizwa phezu kwengxenye.
Indlela yokusebenzisa yokwesula ngesandla ithola inzuzo eyengeziwe esenzweni esingokomzimba sokususa inhlabathi endaweni engaphezulu ngendwangu noma isipontshi, lapho umhlanzi esiza ukunyibilikisa inhlabathi.
Izihlanzi ze-alkaline zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinathayela ezizinkingeni ngezigaba ezimbili-isiteji sokuhlanza kanye nesiteji sokugeza ngamanzi. Izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zivame ukuhanjiswa ukusuka kwesinye isigaba kuye kwesinye ngemuva kokuchayeka okufanele ukukhiqiza ukuhlanza. Izigaba ezengeziwe zokuhlanza nokuwasha zingasetshenziswa uma kudingeka. Amakhemikhali asezindaweni zokugeza zalolu hlobo ngokuvamile agcinwa emazingeni okushisa aphakathi kuka-80 no-200°F (27 no-93°C). Ngokujwayelekile izinga lokushisa lingu-120 kuya ku-150°F (49 kuya ku-66°C) wokufuthwa kanye no-150°F (66°C) wokucwiliswa. Isikhathi lapho izingxenye zivezwa khona kulawa makhemikhali siphakathi kwemizuzwana engama-30 nemizuzu emi-5+. Generally, yimizuzu engu-1 ukuya kwemi-2 yokufutha kanye nemizuzu emi-2 kuya kwemi-5 yokucwiliswa. Ukuze kusebenze kahle, ukugcwala kwalezo zixazululo zokuhlanza i-alkali kufanele kube phakathi kuka-1/4 no-16 odgal (2 kuya ku-120 g/L). Ngokujwayelekile, esifuthweni ukugxila ku-1/2 kuya ku-1 odgal (4 kuya ku-8 g/L) kanye nokucwiliswa ku-6 kuya ku-12 odgal (45 kuya ku-90 g/L).
Okubiza kakhulu kulezi zinhlobo yi-electrocleaner, ngenxa yokugxila okuphezulu okugeza okusetshenzisiwe kanye nezindleko zikagesi we-electrocleaner. Okungabizi kakhulu okokuhlanza isifutho, nokusula ngesandla ndawana thize phakathi. Uhlobo lwe-alkali, kuze kube manje, lusebenza kahle kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile lubiza kancane ukulusebenza. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusebenza, izindlela zokusebenzisa zizokhiqizaralIkalwe njengokuthi: ukuhlanza ugesi, ukuhlanza isifutho, ukuhlanza ukucwiliswa, nokwesula izandla.
Izihlanzi ze-Acid
Izihlanzi ze-Acid ngokuvamile azisetshenziselwa ukuhlanza izinsimbi. Kulezo zihlanzi ze-asidi ezisetshenziswayo, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu kungaba usawoti oneasidi emnene, ongagqwali kakhulu endaweni ye-zinc. Nokho, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kukhona izinto ezikhethekile zokuhlanza i-asidi eziklanyelwe ukususa umkhiqizo wokugqwala omhlophe ezindaweni ezinamathayela.
Endleleni yokufaka isifutho samandla, izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zimiswa emhubheni ngenkathi isixazululo sokuhlanza siphonswa ethangini lokubamba futhi sifafazwe ngaphansi kwengcindezi ezingxenyeni. Isixazululo sokuhlanza sibe sesikhishelwa emuva ethangini lokubamba bese umjikelezo uphindaphindiwe. Umsebenzi wokumpompa, ukufutha, nokukhipha amanzi kwenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa nangokuqhubekayo.
Lapho indlela yokucwiliswa yokusetshenziswa isetshenziswa, izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zimane zicwiliswe esixazululweni sokuhlanza esiqukethwe ethangini lensimbi elithambile noma lensimbi engagqwali.
I-Electrocleaning ngezihlanzi ze-asidi inguqulo ekhethekile yokuhlanza ukucwiliswa lapho umsinga oqondile udlula khona ngesixazululo. Izingxenye okufanele zihlanzwe ngokuvamile ziyi-anode, kanti amanye ama-electrode asebenza njenge-cathode. I-Electrocleaning ngokuvamile ikhiqiza indawo ehlanzekile kunokucwiliswa kalula ngenxa yesenzo sokukhuhla samabhamuza omoya-mpilo aphuma phezu kwengxenye. I-oksijeni ingumphumela we-electrolysis yamanzi.
Indlela yokwesula ngesandla ithola inzuzo eyengeziwe osizweni lwemishini lokunyakazisa umhlabathi ukusuka phezulu ngendwangu noma isipontshi ngesihlanzi esisiza ukunyibilikisa inhlabathi.
Izihlanzi ze-Acid zivame ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamathayili ezizinki ngezigaba ezimbili: isigaba sokuhlanza kanye ne-rinse yamanzi. Izigaba ezengeziwe, ukuhlanza nokuwasha, kungasetshenziswa uma kudingeka. Amakhemikhali okugeza agcinwa emazingeni okushisa angama-80 kuya ku-200 F (27 kuya ku-93°C); imvamisa engu-100 kuya ku-140°F (38 kuya ku-60°C) ukuze afuthwe kanye no-140 kuya ku-180°F (60 kuya ku-82°C). C) ukucwiliswa. Izingxenye zivezwe kuma-chemi cals imizuzwana engu-30 kuya kumaminithi angu-5+; ngokuvamile imizuzu engu-1 ukuya kwemi-2 yokufutha kanye nemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 yokucwiliswa. Izixazululo zigcinwa ekuhlanganiseni kwe-1/4 kuya ku-16 odgal (2 kuya ku-120 gL); ngokuvamile 1/2 kuya ku-1 odgal(4 kuya ku-8 gL) yesifutho kanye no-4 kuya ku-12 odgal (30 kuya ku-90 g/L) yokucwiliswa.
Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusebenza, izindlela zokusebenzisa zizokhiqizaralIkalwe njengokuthi: ukuhlanza ugesi, ukuhlanza isifutho, ukuhlanza ukucwilisa, nokwesula ngesandla.
Neutral Abahlanza
I-neutral isicoci (njengoba sisetshenziselwa insimbi eyakha uthayela) singase sakhiwe ngama-surfactants kuphela, i-neutral usawoti kanye nama-surfactants, noma ama-surfactants anezinye izithasiselo eziphilayo. I-neutral ohlanzekile angase achazwe njenganoma yimuphi umcoci, ngokwesixazululo, angabhalisa phakathi kuka-6 no-8 esikalini se-pH.
Ngendlela yesifutho samandla, izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zilengiswa emhubheni kuyilapho isisombululo sokuhlanza sikhishwa ethangini lokubamba futhi sifuthwe, ngaphansi kwengcindezi, ezingxenyeni. Isixazululo sokuhlanza siphindaphindwa ngokuqhubekayo. Umfutho we-spray usukela ku-4 kuye ku-40 psi.
Endleleni yokucwiliswa kwesicelo, izingxenye ezizohlanzwa zivele zicwiliswe esixazululweni sokuhlanza esiqukethwe ethangini lensimbi elithambile noma lensimbi engagqwali.
Nakulokhu futhi, ukwesula ngesandla kunenzuzo eyengeziwe osizweni lwemishini lokususa ngokoqobo inhlabathi phezulu ngendwangu noma isipontshi, lapho umhlanzi esiza ukunyibilikisa inhlabathi.
Neutral izinto zokuhlanza zivame ukusetshenziswa ngokusebenzisa ubuncane bezigaba ezimbili: isiteji sokuhlanza kanye nokugeza ngamanzi. Izigaba ezengeziwe, ukuhlanza nokuwasha, kungasetshenziswa uma kudingeka. Izixazululo zibanjwe ekushiseni kwe-80 kuya ku-200 ° F (26 kuya ku-93 ° C); ngokujwayelekile i-120 kuya ku-160°F (49 kuya ku-71°C) yokufutha kanye no-150 kuya ku-180°F (66 kuya ku-82°C) yokucwiliswa. Izingxenye zivezwa imizuzwana engu-30 kuya kumaminithi angu-5+; ngokuvamile imizuzu engu-1 ukuya kwemi-2 yokufutha kanye nemizuzu emi-2 ukuya kwemi-5 yokucwiliswa.
Izisombululo zibanjwe ekuhlanganiseni kwe-1/4 kuya ku-16 odgal (2 kuya ku-120 gL); ngokuvamile 1 kuya ku-2 odgal(8 kuya ku-16 gL) yesifutho kanye no-8 kuya ku-14 odgal (60 kuya ku-105 g/L) yokucwiliswa. Neutral izinto zokuhlanza azisebenzi njengesicoci sokuqala. Kungenzeka ukuthi zisetshenziswe njenge-precleaner.
Ukulungiswa kwendawo yamakhemikhali