Astaamaha Jirka iyo Kiimikada ee Xabagta Polyethylene
Astaamaha Jirka iyo Kiimikada ee Xabagta Polyethylene
Chemical Guryaha
Polyethylene waxay leedahay xasillooni kiimikaad oo wanaagsan waxayna u adkaysataa inay milo acid nitric, milo sulfuric acid iyo fiirsashada kasta oo hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid, phosphoric acid, formic acid, acetic acid, biyaha ammonia, amines, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, iwm xal. Laakin uma adkeysato daxalka oksaydhiyaha ee xooggan, sida qiiqa sulfuric acid, nitric acid, chromic acid iyo isku dhafka sulfuric acid. Heerkulka qolka, dareerayaasha kor ku xusan waxay si tartiib tartiib ah u baabi'in doonaan polyetylen, halka 90-100 ° C, sulfuric acid iyo nitric acid la ururiyey ay si degdeg ah u baabi'in doonaan polyetylen, taasoo keenaysa in la burburiyo ama la gooyo. Polyethylene waa sahlan tahay in la sawiro-oxidized, kuleyl ahaan oksaydhsaydhsid, jajabiyey by ozone, iyo si fudud hoos u hoos fal ee fallaadhaha ultraviolet. Madow kaarboon wuxuu leeyahay saameyn aad u fiican oo ilaalinta iftiinka ee polyetylen. Dareen-celinta sida isku-xidhka-isku-xidhka, maqaarka silsiladda, iyo samaynta kooxo aan saturated ahayn waxay dhici karaan ka dib shucaaca.
guryaha farsamo
Tilmaamaha farsamada ee polyetylen waa hidde-sideral, Awoodda xajintu way yar tahay, iska caabbinta gurguurta ma fiicna, caabbinta saameyntuna waa wanaagsan tahay. Awoodda saamaynta LDPE>LLDPE>HDPE, guryaha kale ee makaanikada LDPE crystallinity iyo miisaanka kelli qaraabo, oo leh hagaajinta tilmaamayaasha kuwan, sifooyinka farsamo ay kordho. Iska caabin dildilaaca deegaanka ma fiicna, laakiin marka miisaanka unugyadu kordho, way fiicnaanaysaa. Iska caabin dalool oo wanaagsan, oo ay ka mid tahay LLDPE ayaa ugu fiican.
Tilmaamaha deegaanka
Polyethylene waa polymer alkane ah oo aan firfircoonayn oo leh xasillooni kiimiko oo wanaagsan. Waxay u adkaysataa daxalka aysiidhka, alkali iyo cusbada xalalka aqueous heerkulka qolka, laakiin aan u adkaysan in oksidants xoog leh sida oleum, nitric acid urursan iyo chromic acid. Polyethylene waa mid aan lagu milmi karin dareerayaasha caadiga ah ee ka hooseeya 60 ° C, laakiin waxay barari doontaa ama dillaaci doontaa xiriir waqti dheer leh hydrocarbons aliphatic, hydrocarbons udugga, hydrocarbons halogenated, iwm. Marka heerkulku dhaafo 60 ℃, waxaa lagu milmi karaa qadar yar oo toluene ah. , amyl acetate, trichlorethylene, turpentine, mineral saliid iyo paraffin; marka heerkulku ka sareeyo 100℃, waxa lagu milmi karaa tetralgudaha.
Maadaama maadooyinka polyetylen-ka ay ku jiraan xaddi yar oo labajibbaaran iyo xadhig ether ah, soo-gaadhista qorraxda iyo roobka ayaa sababi doona gabowga, taas oo u baahan in la hagaajiyo iyada oo lagu daro antioxidants iyo xasiliyeyaasha iftiinka.
Tilmaamaha habaynta
Sababtoo ah LDPE iyo HDPE waxay leeyihiin dareere wanaagsan, heerkul hooseeya, viscosity dhexdhexaad ah, heerkulka burburka hooseeya, oo aan ku dumin heerkul sare oo 300 ℃ ah gaaska aan shaqayn, waa balaastiig leh waxqabad habaysan oo wanaagsan. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, viscosity ee LLDPE wax yar ayuu ka sarreeyaa, awoodda matoorkana waxay u baahan tahay in lagu kordhiyo 20% ilaa 30%; waxay u nugul tahay inay dhalaaliso jabka, sidaas darteed waa lagama maarmaan in la kordhiyo farqiga dhimashada oo lagu daro qalabka wax lagu sameeyo; Heerkulka wax-soo-saarka ayaa waxoogaa ka sarreeya, ilaa 200 ilaa 215 ° C. Polyethylene waxay leedahay nuugista biyaha hooseysa umana baahna qalajin ka hor inta aan la farsamayn.
Dhallaanka Polyethylene waa dareere aan Newtonian ahayn, viscosity-kiisuna wuu yareeyaa heerkulka, laakiin wuxuu si degdeg ah u yaraadaa kororka heerka xiirid wuxuuna leeyahay xiriir toos ah, kaas oo LLDPE uu leeyahay hoos u dhaca ugu hooseeya.
Badeecadaha polyetylen-ka way fududahay in la kristaalo inta lagu jiro habka qaboojinta, sidaas darteed, fiiro gaar ah waa in la bixiyaa heerkulka caaryada inta lagu jiro habka. Si loo xakameeyo crystallinity ee alaabta, si ay u leedahay sifooyin kala duwan. Polyethylene waxay leedahay hoos u dhigista qaabeynta weyn, taas oo ay tahay in la tixgeliyo marka la naqshadeynayo caaryada.
Astaamaha Jirka iyo Kiimikada ee Xabagta Polyethylene