Takaitaccen Gabatarwa na Gudun Polyethylene

Takaitaccen Gabatarwa na Gudun Polyethylene

Polyethylene (PE) wani nau'i ne thermoplastik guduro samu ta hanyar polymerizing ethylene. A cikin masana'antu, an haɗa copolymer na ethylene tare da ƙananan adadin alpha-olefins. Gudun polyethylene ba shi da wari, ba mai guba ba, yana jin kamar kakin zuma, yana da kyakkyawan juriya mai ƙarancin zafin jiki (mafi ƙarancin zafin jiki na aiki zai iya kaiwa -100 ~ -70 ° C), kwanciyar hankali mai kyau na sinadarai, kuma yana iya tsayayya da mafi yawan acid da alkali yashwa (ba jurewar iskar shaka). yanayi acid). Ba shi da narkewa a cikin kaushi na kowa a dakin da zafin jiki, tare da ƙarancin shayar ruwa da ingantaccen rufin lantarki.

Kamfanin ICI na Biritaniya ne ya kera Polyethylene a 1922, kuma a cikin 1933, Kamfanin Masana'antar Sinadarai na Bonemen na Biritaniya ya gano cewa ana iya yin polymerized ethylene don samar da polyethylene a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba. An haɓaka wannan hanyar a cikin 1939 kuma ana kiranta da babbar hanyar matsa lamba. A cikin 1953, K. Ziegler na Federal Jamhuriyar Jamus ta gano cewa tare da TiCl4-Al (C2H5) 3 a matsayin mai haɓakawa, ethylene kuma za a iya yin polymerized a ƙarƙashin ƙananan matsa lamba. An sanya wannan hanyar a cikin samar da masana'antu a cikin 1955 ta Kamfanin Hearst na Federal Jamhuriyar Jamus, kuma an fi sani da ƙananan matsa lamba polyethylene. A farkon 1950s, Kamfanin Philips Petroleum na Amurka ya gano cewa yin amfani da chromium oxide-silica alumina a matsayin mai kara kuzari, ethylene za a iya yin polymerized don samar da polyethylene mai girma a ƙarƙashin matsakaicin matsa lamba, kuma an sami nasarar samar da masana'antu a cikin 1957. A cikin 1960s. , Kamfanin DuPont na Kanada ya fara yin ƙananan polyethylene tare da ethylene da α-olefin ta hanyar bayani. A cikin 1977, Kamfanin Carbide na Union Carbide da Kamfanin Dow Chemical na Amurka sun yi amfani da hanyar da ba ta da ƙarfi don yin ƙananan ƙarancin polyethylene, wanda ake kira polyethylene low-density linear, wanda hanyar-lokacin gas na Kamfanin Union Carbide ya kasance mafi mahimmanci. Ayyukan polyethylene mai ƙananan ƙarancin layi yana kama da na ƙananan ƙananan polyethylene, kuma yana da wasu halaye na babban nauyin polyethylene. Bugu da kari, makamashin da ake amfani da shi a cikin samarwa ya yi kadan, don haka ya bunkasa cikin sauri kuma ya zama daya daga cikin sabbin resins na roba mafi daukar ido.

Babban fasaha na hanyar ƙananan matsa lamba yana cikin mai kara kuzari. Tsarin TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 wanda Ziegler ya ƙirƙira a Jamus shine ƙaƙƙarfan ƙarni na farko na polyolefins. A cikin 1963, Kamfanin Solvay na Belgian ya fara aikin haɓaka ƙarni na biyu tare da mahaɗin magnesium a matsayin mai ɗaukar hoto, kuma ingancin kuzarin ya kai dubunnan dubbai zuwa ɗaruruwan dubun giram na polyethylene a kowace gram na titanium. Yin amfani da mai kara kuzari na ƙarni na biyu kuma na iya adana tsarin bayan jiyya don cire ragowar abubuwan haɓakawa. Daga baya, an ƙirƙiri manyan abubuwan haɓakawa na hanyar iskar gas. A cikin 1975, Kamfanin Italiyan Monte Edison Group Corporation ya haɓaka mai haɓakawa wanda zai iya samar da polyethylene kai tsaye ba tare da granulation ba. Ana kiransa mai kara kuzari na ƙarni na uku, wanda shine wani juyin juya hali a cikin samar da polyethylene mai girma.

Gudun polyethylene yana da matukar damuwa ga matsalolin muhalli (sunadarai da aikin injiniya) kuma ba shi da juriya ga tsufa na thermal fiye da polymers dangane da tsarin sinadarai da sarrafawa. Ana iya sarrafa polyethylene ta hanyoyin gyare-gyaren thermoplastic na al'ada. Yana da nau'ikan amfani da yawa, galibi ana amfani da su don kera fina-finai, kayan tattarawa, kwantena, bututu, monofilaments, wayoyi da igiyoyi, buƙatun yau da kullun, da sauransu, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman kayan kariya mai ƙarfi don TV, radars, da sauransu.

Tare da haɓaka masana'antar petrochemical, samar da polyethylene ya haɓaka cikin sauri, kuma abubuwan da aka fitar sun kai kusan 1/4 na jimillar fitarwar filastik. A shekarar 1983, karfin samar da polyethylene a duniya ya kai 24.65 Mt, kuma karfin dakunan da ake ginawa ya kai 3.16 Mt. Bisa kididdigar da aka samu a shekarar 2011, karfin samar da kayayyaki a duniya ya kai 96 Mt. Ci gaban da ake samu na samar da polyethylene ya nuna cewa samarwa kuma sannu a hankali amfani yana jujjuyawa zuwa Asiya, kuma Sin tana ƙara zama babbar kasuwa mai mahimmanci.