category: Jagoran Gashin Foda

Kuna da tambayoyin shafa foda game da kayan aikin foda, aikace-aikacen foda, kayan foda? Kuna da shakka game da aikin gashin foda, a nan cikakken jagorar gashin foda na iya taimaka muku samun amsa mai gamsarwa ko bayani.

 

Yadda Ake Haɓaka Juriya na Tsaftace Riguna na Mota

Kwanan nan wata ƙungiyar masu bincike ta Iran ta fito da wata sabuwar hanya don ƙara juriya na tsaftataccen suturar mota

Wata sabuwar hanyar da za ta kara juriyar juriyar rigar rigar mota Kwanan nan tawagar masu binciken Iran sun fito da wata sabuwar hanya don kara juriyar juriyar rigar mota A cikin shekarun baya-bayan nan, an yi yunƙuri mai yawa don inganta yanayin. juriya na bayyanannun riguna na mota a kan lalata da lalacewa. A sakamakon haka, an samar da dabaru da dama don wannan dalili. Misalin kwanan nan na ƙarshen ya ƙunshiKara karantawa …

Yadda ake shafa foda mai rufin ƙarfe

Yadda Ake Aiwatar da Rufin Ƙarfe

Yadda Ake Aiwatar da Ƙarfe Foda Coating Powder Ƙarfe na foda na iya nuna haske, kayan ado na kayan ado kuma suna da kyau don zanen abubuwa na ciki da waje kamar kayan furniture, kayan haɗi da motoci. A cikin tsarin masana'antu, kasuwannin cikin gida galibi suna ɗaukar hanyar bushe-bushe (Dry-Blending), kuma ƙasashen duniya kuma suna amfani da hanyar haɗin gwiwa (Bonding). Tun da karfen foda na irin wannan nau'in ana yin shi ta hanyar ƙara tsattsauran mica ko aluminum ko barbashi na tagulla, a zahiri kuna fesa cakuda.Kara karantawa …

Lissafin Rufin Foda

foda shafi ɗaukar hoto dubawa

Rufin Rufin Foda yana da matukar mahimmanci don haɓaka haɓakar canjin canjin da za ku cimma. Masu ƙididdigewa sau da yawa suna samun kansu suna zage-zage don siyan ƙarin foda ta hanyar ba da ƙima a cikin daidaitattun ƙimar ƙimar canja wurin. Teburin ɗaukar hoto na gaba yana taimakawa wajen ƙididdige adadin foda da ake buƙata don ɗaukar adadin da aka ba da wuri. Ka'idar ɗaukar hoto da fatan za a lura cewa ɗaukar murfin foda a cikinKara karantawa …

Yadda Ake Zaɓan Madaidaicin Rufin Foda don samfuran ku

Yadda Ake Zaɓan Madaidaicin Rufin Foda don samfuran ku

Yadda Ake Zaɓan Madaidaicin Rufin Foda don samfuran ku Zaɓin tsarin guduro, mai ƙarfi, da pigment shine farkon zaɓin kaddarorin da mutum zai buƙaci na gamawa. Sarrafa mai sheki, santsi, kwararar ruwa, ƙimar magani, juriya na ultraviolet, juriya na sinadarai, juriya na zafi, sassauci, mannewa, juriya na lalata, dorewa na waje, ikon sake dawowa da sake amfani da su, jimlar saurin canja wuri na farko, da ƙari, wasu su ne wasu. daga cikin abubuwan da dole ne a yi la'akari da su lokacin da kowane sabon abu yakeKara karantawa …

Yadda Ake Hana Caking Rufin Foda

Powder Coating Caking

Yadda za a hana foda shafi caking daban-daban resins ciwon daban-daban gilashin canjin yanayin zafi, irin su epoxy da polyester guduro yana da gilashin miƙa mulki zafin jiki na game da 50 digiri Celsius, walƙiya wakili (701) yana da gilashin canji zafin jiki na game da 30 digiri Celsius, da ruwa leveling. wakili a rage digiri Celsius. Ya fi girma da adadin kayan da ƙananan gilashin canjin zafin jiki da foda shafi formulations ƙunshi, da ƙananan gilashin miƙa mulki zafin jiki zai zama .Glass miƙa mulki zazzabiKara karantawa …

Chart Launi na Munsell, Kundin Kundin Munsell

Chart Launi na Munsell, Kundin Kundin Munsell

Tsarin Canja wurin Sublimation

Tsarin Canja wurin Sublimation

Don amfani da Tsarin Canja wurin Sublimation, ana buƙatar kayan aiki da kayan aiki masu zuwa. Kayan aikin canja wuri na musamman A na musamman sublimation foda shafi foda da za a fesa da kuma warke a cikin Rufe Unit. Takarda Canja wurin zafi ko Fim (takarda ko fim ɗin filastik ɗauke da tasirin da ake so da aka buga tare da inks na sublimation na musamman. Tsarin Aiki 1.Coating tsari: Yin amfani da murfin foda na sublimation, tsari mai sutura a cikin madaidaicin suturar suturar ya ƙunshi matakai daban-daban guda uku: pretreatment, spraying foda. ,curing.Layin shafaKara karantawa …

Bayanin Tsarin Launi na Munsell

Bayanin Tsarin Launi na Munsell An fara kafa tsarin launi na Munsell ta hanyar zane-zanen Amurka kuma malamin fasaha Albert H. Munsell a kusa da 1900, don haka aka sanya masa suna "Tsarin launi Munsell". Tsarin launi na Munsell ya ƙunshi launuka biyar na asali - ja (R), rawaya (Y), kore (G), blue (B), da purple (P), da launuka biyar na matsakaici-rawaya-ja (YR). ), yellow-kore (YG), blue-kore (BG), blue-violet (BP), da ja-violet (RP) a matsayin tunani. Ana rarraba kowace launi zuwa launuka huɗu, wakilta ta lambobi 2.5, 5,Kara karantawa …

Me Yasa Kuma Yadda Ake Sake Rufin Foda

Sake shafa foda

Sake Rufaffen Foda Aiwatar da gashi na biyu na foda shine hanyar gama gari don gyarawa da dawo da sassan da aka ƙi. Duk da haka, ya kamata a yi nazari sosai a hankali kuma a gyara tushen kafin a sake dawowa. Kada a sake sutturar idan abin da aka ƙi ya haifar da lahani na ƙirƙira, ƙarancin inganci mai inganci, ƙarancin tsaftacewa ko riga-kafi, ko lokacin da kaurin riguna biyu tare ba zai iya jurewa ba. Hakanan, idan an ƙi sashin saboda rashin magani, kawai yana buƙatar sake gasa aKara karantawa …

Kalmomin Filastik – Gajartawar Ingilishi DA cikakken sunan Ingilishi

Maganar Filastik

Kalmar Filastik – Gajartawar Turanci DA cikakken sunan Ingilishi Gajarta cikakken Suna AAS Acrylonitrile-Bcry ate-styrene opolymer ABS Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene ALK Alkyd resin AMMA Acrylonitrile-methylmethacrylate copolymer AMS Alpha methyl styrene AS-Acrystyreni -acrylate copolymer (AAS) BMC Babban gyare-gyaren fili CA Cellulose acetate CAB Cellulose acetate butyrate CAP Cellulose acetate propionate CF Casein formaldehyde guduro CFE Polychlorotrfluoroethylene (duba PCTFE) CM Chlorinated polyethylene CM Chlorinated polyethylene (duba CPE) cellulose acetate propionate propionate (CAP) CPE Chlorinated polyethylene (PE-C) CPVC Chlorinated polyvinyl Chloride (PVC-C) CS Casein robobi CSM & cspr Chorosulfonated polyethylene CTA Cellulose triacetate DMC Kullu gyare-gyaren tompound E/P Ethylene propylene copolymer narkar da CA-Mc. -TPV Elastomer alloy thermoplastic vulcanizateEC Ethylene cellulose EEA Ethylene ethylacrylate copolymer EP Epoxide ko epoxy (warkewa) EPDM Ethylene propylene diene terpolymer EPS Expandable polystyrene ETFE Ethylene/tetrafluoroethylene EVA Ethylene vinyl accetate copolymerKara karantawa …

Kawar da bawon lemu yayin shafa foda

Cire Peel Lemu

Samun daidai adadin fentin foda na electrostatic a ɓangaren yana da matukar mahimmanci don dalilai masu dorewa da kuma kawar da kwasfa na orange. Idan ka fesa foda kaɗan kaɗan a ɓangaren, za ka iya yiwuwa a ƙare tare da nau'in nau'in hatsi zuwa foda wanda aka fi sani da "kore orange." Wannan saboda babu isassun foda a ɓangaren da zai fito da shi ya haifar da sutura iri ɗaya. Bayan rashin kyawun kyan wannan, sashin zaiKara karantawa …

Pantone PMS Chart Launuka da Aka Yi Amfani da su Don Bugawa da Rufin Foda

Pantone PMS Launuka Chart Pantone® Daidaita Tsarin Launuka Tsarin Launuka PMS Ana Amfani da Bugawa Yi amfani da wannan jagorar don taimakawa zaɓin launi da aiwatar da ƙayyadaddun bayanai. Wannan ginshiƙi jagora ne kawai. Launukan Pantone akan allon kwamfuta na iya bambanta dangane da katin zane da saka idanu da ake amfani da su a cikin tsarin ku. Don daidaito na gaskiya yi amfani da Bugawar Launi na Pantone.

Menene Tsarin Rufe Foda

foda shafi tsari

Tsarin Rufe Foda Pre-jiyya - bushewa don cire ruwa - fesa - Duba - yin burodi - duba - An gama. 1.The halaye na foda shafi iya ba da cikakken wasa don mika shafi rayuwa karya fentin surface farko tsananin surface pre-jiyya. 2.Spray, an fentin shi don zama cikakke cikakke don ƙara yawan haɓakar ƙwayar foda na puffing. 3.The ya fi girma surface lahani da za a fentin, mai rufi karce conductive putty, domin tabbatar da samuwar.Kara karantawa …

Maganin Kayayyakin Injini mara kyau da Juriya na Sinadarai

polyester shafi lalata

1.Poor Mechanical Properties da Chemical Resistance Sanadin: Maɗaukaki ko ƙananan zafin jiki na warkewa ko lokaci Magani: Tabbatar da duba tare da foda shafi foda marokiSaboda: Man, man shafawa, extrusion mai, ƙura a kan surfaceSolution: Inganta pretreatmentSakamako: Daban-daban kayan da kayan launukaSolution: Rashin isassun pretreatmentSai: Rashin jituwa pretreatment da foda coatingSolution: Daidaita pretreatment hanya, tuntuɓi foda maroki 2.Greasy Surface (Haze kamar fim a kan surface wanda za a iya goge kashe) Dalili: Blooming sakamako-fararen fim a kan foda surface, wanda za a iya goge kasheSolution : Canza dabarar shafa foda, ƙara yawan zafin jikiSakamako: Rashin isassun wurare dabam dabam na iska a cikin tandaMagani: Ƙara yawan wurare dabam dabamSakamako: gurɓatawa akanKara karantawa …

Juya Rufin Galvanized Karfe

Juya Rufin Galvanized Karfe

Iron phosphates ko kayan tsaftacewa mai tsabta suna samar da ƙaramin juzu'in juzu'i a saman tutiya. Yawancin layukan gamawa da yawa suna amfani da gyare-gyaren ƙarfe phosphates waɗanda ke ba da tsaftacewa, kuma suna barin ƙananan sinadarai a kan abubuwan zinc don samar da kaddarorin mannewa. Yawancin gundumomi da jihohi yanzu suna da iyaka akan PPMs na zinc, suna tilasta masu kammala ƙarfe don ba da magani ga duk wani mafita da ake sarrafa abubuwan da ke cikin zinc. Tushen juzu'i na zinc phosphate shine, watakila, maɗaukakin inganci mafi inganci wanda za'a iya samar dashi akan shimfidar galvanized. ZuwaKara karantawa …

Korona da fasahar cajin tribo

Fahimtar bambance-bambance tsakanin cajin corona da tribo, yana taimakawa wajen yanke shawarar wace fasaha ce mafi kyawun aikace-aikace. An saba amfani da kowane nau'in caji don takamaiman masana'antu. Ana amfani da cajin Tribo galibi a masana'antu waɗanda ke buƙatar foda epoxy ko samfuran da ke da sifofi masu rikitarwa. Abubuwan da aka sanyawa kamar kayan wutan lantarki waɗanda ke buƙatar suturar kariya kawai sune manyan masu amfani da bindigogi masu caji. Wannan rufin kariya shine kwayar halittarally;epoxy saboda tsananin ƙarewarsa. Har ila yau, masana'antu irin su wayaKara karantawa …

Kayan aikin dakin gwaje-gwaje masu mahimmanci don gwada murfin foda a cikin aikace-aikacen

KAYAN LABARI Kayayyakin da suka wajaba don gwada sinadarai na farko, ruwan kurkura da sakamakon ƙarshe Gwaje-gwajen sinadarai na farko da za a yi bisa ga umarnin masu samar da ma'auni na ma'auni don kimantawa na kurkura na ƙarshe Zazzabi rikodin Rufin kayan aiki, DIN 50939 ko daidai kayan aiki. TS EN ISO 2360-50984mm kayan gwajin lankwasawa, DIN-EN ISO 2409 Kayan gwajin Indentation, DIN-ENKara karantawa …

Hanyoyin Gwaji don Tsarin Aikace-aikacen Rufin Foda

HANYOYIN JARRABAWA DOMIN SAMUN FADA

HANYOYIN JARRABAWA DOMIN RUFE FODA An tsara hanyoyin gwaji don dalilai guda biyu: 1. Amintaccen aiki; 2. Quality iko (1) GLOSS TEST (ASTM D523) Gwaji mai rufi lebur panel tare da lambu 60 digiri mita. Rufe ba zai bambanta + ko - 5% daga buƙatun takardar bayanai akan kowane kayan da aka kawo ba. (2) GWAJIN BENDING (ASTM D522) Rufe akan .036 inch lokacin farin ciki na phosphated karfe panel zai jure lankwasa digiri 180 akan 1/4 ″ mandrel. Babu hauka ko asarar mannewa da gamawa a lanƙwasa zamaKara karantawa …

Ma'anar ma'anar lalata

Natural Gwajin yanayi

A matsayin taimako wajen gano abubuwan da ya kamata a yi don tuntuɓar magani, za mu iya ayyana nau'ikan lalata daban-daban: Rushewar Class 0 A cikin gida tare da yanayin zafi sama da 60% Ƙarƙashin haɗarin lalata (hargitsi) CLASS KYAUTA 1 A cikin gida a cikin ba mai zafi ba, da iska mai kyau. dakin Ƙananan haɗarin lalata (tsananci) Lalacewar Class 2 A cikin gida tare da canza yanayin zafi da zafi. Waje a cikin yanayin ƙasa, nesa da teku da masana'antu. Haɗarin lalata matsakaici (hargitsi) RUWAN CUTAR 3 A wurare masu yawan jama'a ko kusa da wuraren masana'antu. Sama budadden ruwaKara karantawa …

Adana Rufin Foda Da Gudanarwa

Adana Rufin Foda Da Gudanarwa

Adana Rufin Foda da Kula da Foda, kamar kowane kayan shafa dole ne a jigilar su, ƙirƙira, da kuma sarrafa su a cikin tafiyarsa daga masana'anta na foda har zuwa aikace-aikacen. Ya kamata a bi shawarwarin masana'anta? kwanan wata, matakai, da kuma taka tsantsan. Kodayake foda daban-daban na iya samun takamaiman buƙatu, wasu ƙa'idodi na duniya suna aiki. Yana da mahimmanci cewa foda ya kamata ya kasance koyaushe: Karewa daga zafi mai yawa; An kare shi daga zafi da ruwa; An kare shi daga gurbatawa da kayan waje, kamar sauran foda, kura, datti, da sauransuKara karantawa …

Hanyoyin Amfani da Foda - ELECTROSTATIC SPRAYING

Kayan aiki don Kera Foda

Electrostatic spraying shine mafi yawan amfani da hanyar amfani da kayan shafa foda. Ci gabanta yana ƙaruwa a cikin ƙimar ban sha'awa. An haɓaka shi a tsakiyar 60's, wannan tsari shine mafi kyawun hanyoyin yin amfani da sutura da ƙare a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci. Duk da haka, yarda da murfin foda a cikin kwayoyin halittaral da farko ya kasance a hankali sosai a Amurka. A cikin Turai, an karɓi ra'ayin feshin foda na electrostatic da sauri, kuma fasahar ta motsa da sauri a can fiye da sauran wurare a duniya.Kara karantawa …

Ingantacciyar Kula da Rufin Foda

Paint over foda - Yadda ake fenti akan gashin foda

Ingantacciyar Kula da Rufin Foda Ƙaddamar da inganci a cikin masana'antar gamawa yana buƙatar kulawa fiye da kawai shafa. A gaskiya ma, yawancin matsalolin suna faruwa ne saboda wasu dalilai ban da kurakuran sutura. Don tabbatar da inganci inda rufin zai iya zama dalili, sarrafa tsarin ƙididdiga (SPC) na iya zama kayan aiki mai amfani. SPC SPC ya haɗa da auna tsarin gyaran foda ta amfani da hanyoyin ƙididdiga da inganta shi don rage bambancin a matakan da ake so. SPC kuma na iya taimakawa wajen tantance bambanci tsakanin bambance-bambancen al'adaKara karantawa …

Barbashi size rarraba analsis ga foda shafi

Barbashi size rarraba analsis ga foda shafi

Barbashi size rarraba analsis for foda shafi Laser barbashi size analyzer gwajin sakamakon: Matsakaicin barbashi size (tsakiya diamita), da iyaka na barbashi size da barbashi size rarraba da watsawa. Matsakaicin girman samfurin ya fi ƙasa da 50% na barbashi. The iyaka barbashi Girman: kusa da na kowa hankali zuwa matsakaicin da m barbashi size. Duk da haka, matsakaicin da mafi ƙarancin girman ɓangarorin don kwatanta manyan iyakoki na sama da ƙananan girman samfurin barbashiKara karantawa …

Me Yasa Fashe Fashewar Rufin Foda

Abubuwan da ke biyo baya sune abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar fashewar ƙwayar foda (1) Ƙaƙƙarwar ƙurar ƙura ta wuce ƙananan iyaka Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ƙurar ƙura a cikin ɗakin foda ko taron bitar ya wuce ƙananan fashewa, don haka ya zama babban yanayi. ga foda kona fashewa. Idan tushen wuta ya kasance matsakaici, mai yiwuwa fashewar konewa ya faru (B) Foda da kantin sayar da fenti A wasu masana'antu, saboda ƙananan yanki na bitar, don ceton bitar, murfin foda da kuma zane-zane. gauraye a cikin bita daya. Ana sanya nau'ikan kayan aiki guda biyu gefe ko a jeri a layi, wani lokaci ana amfani da fenti mai ƙarfi, wani lokacin kuma ana amfani da tsarin feshin foda, wanda ke sa fenti ya cika taron gabaɗaya da iskar gas mai ƙonewa, da ƙurar da ke fitowa daga foda spraying tsarin iyo a cikin bitar, forming wani foda-gas yanayi gauraye, wanda yana da in mun gwada da high yi. Babban haɗari na wuta da fashewa (C) Tushen ƙonewa Tushen ƙonewa da ƙonewar foda ke haifar da shi ya ƙunshi abubuwa masu zuwa: Wuta, tushen ƙonewa wanda ke sa foda ya ƙone kuma yana daya daga cikin mafi hatsarin bude wuta. Idan wurin foda yana cikin wuri mai haɗari, akwai walda, yanke iskar oxygen, kunna wuta mai sauƙi, fitilar sigari, kyandir, da sauransu, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da wuta da fashewa. Tushen zafi, A cikin yankin haɗari na bindiga, wani ɗan ƙaramin ƙarfe mai ƙonewa na ja, hasken da ba zai iya fashewa ba zato ba tsammani ya karye, wayar juriya ta yanke ba zato ba tsammani, allon infrared yana da kuzari da sauran hanyoyin konewa na iya haifar da ƙonewa. . Fitar da wutar lantarki a cikin dakin foda yana da iyaka. Lokacin da ƙurar ƙura na fashewar yashi da bindigogin fesa foda suka zo cikin hulɗa da kayan aiki ko ɗakin foda ba zato ba tsammani tare da tartsatsin lantarki, ko lokacin da injiniyoyi da na'urorin lantarki suka kunna, foda zai ƙone.

Abin da ke haifar da fashewar Fashewar Rufin Foda Abubuwan da ke biyo baya sune abubuwan da ke haifar da fashewar fashewar foda (A) Ƙaƙƙarwar ƙurar ƙura ta wuce ƙananan iyaka Saboda waɗannan dalilai, ƙurar ƙura a cikin ɗakin foda ko bita ya wuce ƙananan ƙananan. iyakar fashewa, don haka samar da babban yanayi don fashewa mai ƙonewa. Idan tushen kunna wuta ya kasance matsakaici, mai yiwuwa fashewar fashewar zai iya faruwa (B) Foda da hadawa kantin fenti A wasu masana'antu, sabodaKara karantawa …

Electrostatic Spray Corona yana caji mafi yawan hanyar

Electrostatic Spray Corona caji

Electrostatic Spray (Corona caji) shine mafi yawan hanyar da ake amfani da shi a cikin foda. Waɗannan barbashi suna da jan hankali mai ƙarfi zuwa ɓangaren ƙasa kuma suna ajiya a can. Wannan tsari na iya amfani da sutura tsakanin 20um-245um a cikin kauri. Ana iya amfani da cajin Corona don kayan ado da kayan shafa mai aiki. Kusan duk resins ban da nailan ana iya shafa su cikin sauƙiKara karantawa …

Amintaccen Adana Na Rufin Foda

shirya kayan shafa foda- dorowder.com

Dace ajiya don foda shafi hana barbashi agglomeration da dauki ci gaba, da kuma tabbatar da m aikace-aikace, wannan shi ne muhimmi. A lokacin aikace-aikacen kayan shafa foda dole ne su kasance cikin sauƙi mai sauƙi, mai gudana kyauta, kuma suna iya karɓar da kiyaye kyawawan cajin lantarki. Abubuwan da ke da alaƙa da adana kayan kwalliyar foda Ana iya gano mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar abubuwan adana foda kamar: Yanayin zafin jiki / gurɓataccen ɗanɗano Hasken rana kai tsaye Sharuɗɗan da aka ba da shawarar mafi dacewa don adana kayan kwalliyar foda sune: Zazzabi <25 ° C Dangin zafi 50 - 65% Away daga kai tsaye.Kara karantawa …

Yadda Ake Shafe Bawon Lemu A Lokacin Zanen Foda Na Electrostatic

foda shafi fenti Orange kwasfa

Samun daidai adadin fentin foda na electrostatic a ɓangaren yana da matukar mahimmanci don dalilai masu dorewa da kuma kawar da kwasfa na orange. Idan ka fesa foda kaɗan kaɗan a ɓangaren, za ka iya yiwuwa a ƙare tare da nau'in nau'in hatsi zuwa foda wanda aka fi sani da "kore orange." Wannan saboda babu isassun foda a ɓangaren da zai fito da shi ya haifar da sutura iri ɗaya. Bayan rashin kyawun kyan wannan, sashin zaiKara karantawa …

Wasu Abubuwan Don Sanin Ingantattun Foda Mai Rufe Fada

epoxy foda shafi foda

Bayyanar Bayyanar Bayyanawa: 1. Hannun Hannu: Ya kamata ya ji silky santsi, sako-sako da, iyo, mafi santsi sako-sako da foda, mafi kyawun ingancin, akasin haka, foda yana jin m da nauyi, rashin inganci, ba Easy spraying, foda. fadowa sau biyu karin sharar gida. 2.Volume: Mafi girma na ƙarar, ƙananan filler na foda na foda, mafi girma na farashi, mafi kyawun ingancin foda. Akasin haka , ƙarami na ƙarar, babban abun ciki naKara karantawa …

Mene ne Electrostatic Painting Process

Tsarin Zane na Electrostatic

Zanen Electrostatic wani tsari ne wanda ake cajin titin bindigar feshi ta hanyar lantarki; yin cajin fenti ta hanyar lantarki; ta haka yana barin fenti ya jawo hankalin ƙasa. Wannan tsari yana lalata kusan babu fenti ta hanyar kwararar iska, iska, ko digo. Wannan saboda ɓangarorin fenti a zahiri suna jan hankalin saman da kuke zana kamar maganadisu. Koyaya, don aiwatar da aikin abin da kuke zana ya zama ƙasa. Electrostatic sprayingKara karantawa …

Yadda Ake Auna Gwajin Manne-Tape Mai Rufa

Gwajin Tef

Ya zuwa yanzu mafi yawan gwaji don kimanta mannewar shafi shine gwajin tef-da-bawo, wanda aka yi amfani da shi tun shekarun 1930. A cikin mafi sauƙin sigar sa an danna wani tef ɗin manne akan fim ɗin fenti da juriya da matakin cire fim lokacin da aka cire tef ɗin. Tun da yake ba a cire fim ɗin da ya dace tare da mannewa akai-akai kwata-kwata, tsananin ƙarfin gwajin yawanci yana haɓaka ta hanyar yanke hoto a cikin fim ɗin.Kara karantawa …