Kenyelletso e Khutšoanyane ea Resin ea Polyethylene
Kenyelletso e Khutšoanyane ea Resin ea Polyethylene
Polyethylene (PE) ke a thermoplastic resin e fumanoang ka polymerizing ethylene. Ho indasteri, li-copolymers tsa ethylene tse nang le li-alpha-olefin tse nyane li kenyelelitsoe. Polyethylene resin ha e na monko, ha e chefo, e ikutloa joaloka boka, e na le mocheso o tlase o matla o hanyetsanang le mocheso o tlase (bonyane ba mocheso o sebetsang o ka fihla ho -100 ~ -70 ° C), o tsitsitse lik'hemik'hale tse ntle, 'me o khona ho hanela khoholeho ea asiti le alkali (e sa hanyetse ho oxidation). asiti ea tlhaho). Ha e qhibilihe ka har'a li-solvents tse tloaelehileng mochesong oa kamore, ka ho monya metsi a tlase le ho kenya letsoho ho matla ha motlakase.
Polyethylene e ile ea etsoa ke British ICI Company ka 1922, 'me ka 1933, British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company e fumane hore ethylene e ka etsoa polymerized ho etsa polyethylene tlas'a khatello e phahameng. Mokhoa ona o ile oa etsoa indastering ka 1939 'me hangata o tsejoa e le mokhoa oa khatello e phahameng. Ka 1953, K. Ziegler oa Federal Rephabliki ea Jeremane e fumane hore ka TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 e le sesosa, ethylene e ka boela ea etsoa polymerized tlas'a khatello e tlaase. Mokhoa ona o kentsoe tlhahiso ea indasteri ka 1955 ke Hearst Company of the Federal Rephabliki ea Jeremane, 'me hangata e tsejoa e le polyethylene ea khatello e tlase. Mathoasong a lilemo tsa bo-1950, Philips Petroleum Company ea United States e ile ea fumana hore ho sebelisa chromium oxide-silica alumina e le catalyst, ethylene e ka etsoa polymerized ho etsa polyethylene e phahameng ka tlas'a khatello e bohareng, 'me tlhahiso ea indasteri e ile ea phethahala ka 1957. Lilemong tsa bo-1960. , Khampani ea DuPont ea Canada e ile ea qala ho etsa polyethylene e tlaase-tlaase ka ethylene le α-olefin ka mokhoa oa tharollo. Ka 1977, Union Carbide Company le Dow Chemical Company ea United States li ile tsa sebelisa ka tatellano mokhoa oa khatello e tlase ho etsa polyethylene e tlaase-tlaase, e bitsoang linear low-density polyethylene, eo mokhoa oa khase oa Union Carbide Company e neng e le oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa. Ts'ebetso ea polyethylene ea linear low density e ts'oana le ea polyethylene e tlase, 'me e na le litšobotsi tse ling tsa polyethylene e phahameng. Ho phaella moo, tšebeliso ea matla tlhahisong e tlaase, kahoo e tsoetse pele ka potlako haholo 'me e fetohile e' ngoe ea li-resin tse ncha tse hapang mahlo ka ho fetisisa.
Theknoloji ea mantlha ea mokhoa oa khatello e tlase e lutse ho catalyst. Sistimi ea TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 e qapiloeng ke Ziegler ho la Jeremane ke moloko oa pele oa ho thusa polyolefin. Ka 1963, Khampani ea Belgian Solvay e ile ea bula maliboho molokong oa bobeli o nang le motsoako oa magnesium e le mochine o tsamaisang thepa, 'me katleho ea matla e fihlile ho mashome a likete ho ea ho makholo a likete tsa ligrama tsa polyethylene ka gram ea titanium. Tšebeliso ea li-catalyst tsa moloko oa bobeli e ka boela ea boloka ts'ebetso ea ka morao ea phekolo bakeng sa ho tlosa masala a li-catalyst. Hamorao, li-catalysts tse sebetsang hantle haholo bakeng sa mokhoa oa khase ea khase li ile tsa etsoa. Ka 1975, Mokhatlo oa Italy oa Monte Edison Group o ile oa theha mochine o ka hlahisang polyethylene ka ho toba ntle le granulation. E bitsoa catalyst ea moloko oa boraro, e leng phetoho e 'ngoe ea tlhahiso ea polyethylene e phahameng haholo.
Polyethylene resin e ameha haholo khatellong ea tikoloho (ketso ea lik'hemik'hale le ea mochini) 'me ha e hanyetsane le botsofali ba mocheso ho feta li-polymers mabapi le sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale le ts'ebetso. Polyethylene e ka sebetsoa ka mekhoa e tloaelehileng ea ho bopa ea thermoplastic. E na le mefuta e mengata ea tšebeliso, haholo-holo e sebelisetsoang ho etsa lifilimi, thepa ea ho paka, lijana, liphaephe, monofilaments, lithapo le likhoele, litlhoko tsa letsatsi le letsatsi, joalo-joalo, 'me e ka sebelisoa e le lisebelisoa tse sireletsang maqhubu a phahameng bakeng sa lithelevishene, radar, joalo-joalo.
Ka nts'etsopele ea indasteri ea petrochemical, tlhahiso ea polyethylene e tsoetse pele ka potlako, 'me tlhahiso e nka karolo ea 1/4 ea kakaretso ea tlhahiso ea polasetiki. Ka 1983, kakaretso ea lefats'e ea tlhahiso ea polyethylene e ne e le 24.65 Mt, 'me matla a lihlopha tse ntseng li hahoa e ne e le 3.16 Mt. 'me tšebeliso e ntse e fetoha butle-butle ho ea Asia,' me Chaena e ntse e eketseha ho ba 'maraka oa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa oa bareki.