Sumo pfupi yePolyethylene Resin
Sumo pfupi yePolyethylene Resin
Polyethylene (PE) is a thermoplastic resin inowanikwa ne polymerizing ethylene. Muindasitiri, macopolymers eethylene ane mashoma ealpha-olefins anosanganisirwa zvakare. Polyethylene resin haina kunhuwa, haina chepfu, inoita sewakisi, ine tembiricha yakadzika yakadzika (tembiricha yekushanda inogona kusvika -100~-70°C), kugadzikana kwekemikari yakanaka, uye inogona kuramba kukukurwa kweasidhi yakawanda nealkali (isingamirire oxidation. nature acid). Haina kunyungudika mune zvakajairika zvinonyungudutsa tembiricha yekamuri, ine yakaderera mvura yekunyura uye yakanakisa magetsi ekudzivirira.
Polyethylene yakagadzirwa neBritish ICI Kambani muna 1922, uye muna 1933, British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company yakaona kuti ethylene yaigona kuumbwa polymer kuita polyethylene pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Iyi nzira yakagadziridzwa muna 1939 uye inowanzozivikanwa seyakanyanya kudzvinyirira nzira. Muna 1953, K. Ziegler weFederal Republic of Germany yakaona kuti neTiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 sechinhu chinokonzeresa, ethylene inogona zvakare kuve polymerized pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakaderera. Iyi nzira yakaiswa mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri muna 1955 neHearst Company yeFederal Republic of Germany, uye inowanzozivikanwa seyakaderera kumanikidza polyethylene. Mukutanga kwema1950, Philips Petroleum Company yekuUnited States yakaona kuti kushandisa chromium oxide-silica alumina sechinhu chinokonzeresa, ethylene yaigona kuita polymerized kuita high-density polyethylene pasi pekumanikidzwa kwepakati, uye kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kwakaonekwa muna 1957. Mumakore ekuma1960s. , Canadian DuPont Company yakatanga kugadzira yakaderera-density polyethylene ne ethylene uye α-olefin nenzira yekugadzirisa. Muna 1977, Union Carbide Company neDow Chemical Company yekuUnited States vakatevedzana vakashandisa nzira yakaderera kugadzira polyethylene yakaderera, inonzi linear low-density polyethylene, iyo nzira yegasi yeUnion Carbide Company ndiyo yainyanya kukosha. Kuita kwe linear low density polyethylene kwakafanana neye low density polyethylene, uye ine humwe hunhu hwepamusoro density polyethylene. Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kwesimba mukugadzira kwakaderera, saka kwakakura nekukurumidza zvakanyanya uye kwave imwe yeanonyanya kubata maziso matsva ekugadzira resin.
Iyo yakakosha tekinoroji yeyakaderera kudzvinyirira nzira iri mune inokonzeresa. Iyo TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 sisitimu yakagadzirwa naZiegler kuGermany ndiyo yekutanga chizvarwa inokonzeresa ye polyolefins. Muna 1963, Kambani yeBelgian Solvay yakapayona chechipiri chechizvarwa chinokonzeresa chine magnesium komboni semutakuri, uye hunyanzvi hwekuita hwakasvika makumi ezviuru kusvika kumazana ezviuru zvemagiramu e polyethylene pagiramu retitanium. Kushandiswa kwechipiri chechizvarwa chekugadzirisa kunogonawo kuchengetedza mushure mekurapa maitiro ekubvisa masara e-catalyst. Gare gare, zvigadziriso zvepamusoro-soro zvegasi chikamu nzira yakagadzirwa. Muna 1975, iyo yekuItaly Monte Edison Group Corporation yakagadzira chigadziriso chinogona kuburitsa zvakananga spherical polyethylene pasina granulation. Inonzi chizvarwa chechitatu chinokonzera, iyo imwe shanduko mukugadzirwa kwepamusoro-density polyethylene.
Polyethylene resin inonzwa zvakanyanya kushushikana kwezvakatipoteredza (kemikari uye mashandiro ekuita) uye haina kurwisa kuchembera kwekupisa kupfuura mapolymer maererano nechimiro chemakemikari uye kugadzirisa. Polyethylene inogona kugadziriswa neyakajairwa thermoplastic molding nzira. Iine huwandu hwakawanda hwekushandisa, inonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mafirimu, kurongedza zvinhu, midziyo, pombi, monofilaments, waya uye tambo, zvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva, nezvimwewo, uye inogona kushandiswa seyakakwira-frequency insulating zvinhu zveTV, radar, nezvimwe.
Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yepetrochemical, kugadzirwa kwepolyethylene kwakakura nekukurumidza, uye inobuda inoverengera 1/4 yehuwandu hwepurasitiki inobuda. Muna 1983, huwandu hwepasi rose hwekugadzira polyethylene hwaive 24.65 Mt, uye huwandu hwemayuniti ari kuvakwa hwaive 3.16 Mt. Maererano nehuwandu hwekupedzisira muna 2011, huwandu hwepasi rose hwekugadzira hunosvika 96 Mt. uye kushandiswa kuri kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma kuenda kuAsia, uye China iri kuwedzera kuve iyo inonyanya kukosha musika wevatengi.