Kupaka zitsulo zomangirizidwa ndi ufa kumapereka mphamvu yachitsulo yosalekeza

Kugwirizana Mu 1980, njira yolumikizirana zitsulo kupaka ufa kunayambitsidwa kuti awonjezere ma pigment ufa wophimba. Njirayi imaphatikizapo kumamatira ma pigments ku tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta ufa kuti tipewe kupatukana pakugwiritsa ntchito ndikubwezeretsanso.

Kutsatira kafukufuku wazaka za m'ma 1980 ndi koyambirira kwa zaka za m'ma 90, njira yatsopano yopitilira magawo angapo yolumikizana idayambitsidwa. Ubwino waukulu ndi ndondomeko ya Bonding ndi digiri ya ulamuliro pa ntchito yonse. Kukula kwa batch kumakhala kocheperako ndipo pamakhala mawonekedwe owongolera kwambiri. Njirayi idalowetsedwa bwino ku United States mchaka cha 1996. Kukhazikitsa ndondomekoyi, kunali kofunikira kukhala ndi njira yodalirika yodziwira kuti chinthucho chidalumikizidwa molondola. Seveniral njira zapangidwa kuti ziwone ngati kulumikizana kuli bwino, kuphatikiza ma microscope, njira zosiyanasiyana zolipirira, ndi kuyesa kwa chimphepo.

Kuyesedwa kunachitika kuti kuwerengetsedwe ndikufananiza mtundu Kusiyana kwakukulu komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha kuphatikiza kowuma komanso Kulumikizana. Ngakhale kuti ndizovuta kupeza mtengo umodzi woyezera mtundu, womwe umagwirizana ndi mtundu wa pigment, adaganiza kuti agwiritse ntchito kuwala kowala pamakona asanu. Mapiritsi opepuka azinthu zoyambira amatanthauzidwa ngati 0% ndi namwali zitsulo ufa ndi 100%. Zinthu zidadutsa mumkuntho ndipo ma L- ma values ​​adatengedwa pakuyenda kulikonse pamakona asanu. Pambuyo pa maulendo atatu, ufa wowuma wowuma umawonetsa kutaya kwa 50%.

Tsopano mukufunsa kuti "chifukwa chiyani wina angagwiritsire ntchito zopanda malire?" ndi "ndingadziwe bwanji ngati ufa wanga uli womangidwa kapena ayi". Chifukwa chokhacho chomwe aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito osamangika ndi chifukwa chotsika mtengo kwambiri. Jini opanga ufarally sakupanga zatsopano, zosagwirizana, koma zili ndi zisanu ndi ziwiriral mitundu ya masheya yomwe angapitilize kupanga motero chifukwa makasitomala akupitiliza kugula (makasitomala ena samazindikira kusiyana kwake… mwachitsanzo, atha kukhala ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri kuti asazindikire zosagwirizana). Komabe, opanga ochepa angakhale akupangabe ufa wosamangika chifukwa chakuti sizinthu zonse zomwe zimafunidwa ndi makasitomala awo zomwe zingatheke pogwirizanitsa.

Ma chemistry onse a ufa adalumikizidwa bwino kuphatikiza ma hybrids, TGIC, Primid, ndi GMA acrylics.