Author: ufa
Ubwino wa Coil Coatings ndi chiyani
Ubwino Wopaka Coil Zopangira zokutira za organic zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mbali zonse, chifukwa cha zopindulitsa zake: ① chuma: kukulitsa mphamvu ndi kupanga, kuchepetsa mtengo wopangira, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu, kuwerengera zinthu ndi ndalama zandalama ② kuteteza chilengedwe: malamulo a chilengedwe, kuchokera kuzinthu. kupanga kukonzanso kwa kuzungulira konseko, mankhwalawa amatha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zachilengedwe. ③ Ukadaulo waukadaulo: mitundu yolemera, magulu osiyanasiyana amtundu wokhazikika, mutha kupeza zotsatira zingapo zapamtunda, kusinthasintha kwadongosolo ndikwabwino. Nthawi zambiriWerengani zambiri …
Kupanga Research Research ya Electrically Conductive Putty
Njira zachikhalidwe zotetezera dzimbiri pazitsulo ndi: plating, utoto wa ufa ndi utoto wamadzimadzi.Kugwira ntchito kwa zokutira zopopera ndi mitundu yonse ya zokutira, komanso njira zopopera mankhwala zimasiyana, koma jini.ral, poyerekeza ndi zokutira zamadzimadzi utoto, ndi plating ❖ kuyanika, zokutira ufa kupereka dongosolo wandiweyani ndi makulidwe ❖ kuyanika (0.02-3.0mm), zabwino kutchinga zotsatira zosiyanasiyana TV, ichi ndi chifukwa cha ufa TACHIMATA gawo lapansi amapereka moyo wautali. Ufa zokutira, mu ndondomekoyi, alipo ndi zosiyanasiyana kwambiri, dzuwa mkulu, mtengo wotsika, zosavuta ntchito, palibe kuipitsaWerengani zambiri …
Mfundo ya Hydrophobic/Super Hydrophobic Coatings
Zovala zodziwika bwino za sol-gel zidakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito MTMOS ndi TEOS monga zoyambira za silane kuti apange maukonde osalala, omveka bwino komanso owoneka bwino a organic / inorganic network pagawo la aluminium alloy. Zovala zoterezi zimadziwika kuti zimakhala ndi zomatira bwino kwambiri chifukwa cha kuthekera kwawo kupanga maulumikizi a Al-O-Si pa mawonekedwe opaka / gawo lapansi.Sample-II mu phunziroli ikuyimira chojambula chodziwika bwino cha sol-gel. Kuti tichepetse mphamvu zapamtunda, ndikuwonjezera hydrophobicity, tidaphatikiza organo-silane yokhala ndi unyolo wa fluorooctyl, kuphatikiza MTMOS ndi TEOS (zitsanzo).Werengani zambiri …
Malo apamwamba a hydrophobic amapangidwa ndi zokutira za Super hydrophobic
Zovala za Super-hydrophobic zitha kupangidwa kuchokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana. Zotsatirazi ndizomwe zimadziwika kuti ndizoyambira zokutira: Manganese oxide polystyrene (MnO2/PS) nano-composite Zinc oxide polystyrene (ZnO/PS) nano-composite Precipitated calcium carbonate Kaboni nano-chubu silika nano-❖ kuyanika Super-hydrophobic zokutira amagwiritsidwa ntchito. kuti apange malo apamwamba kwambiri a hydrophobic. Madzi kapena chinthu chochokera m'madzi chikakumana ndi malo okutidwawa, madzi kapena chinthucho "chimachoka" pamtunda chifukwa cha mawonekedwe a hydrophobic a zokutira. Neverwet ndiWerengani zambiri …
Kugwiritsa Ntchito utoto wa Chameleon pamakampani omanga
Mau oyamba a utoto wa Chameleon Utoto wa Chameleon ndi mtundu wa utoto wapadera wokhala ndi zinthu zina kuti upangitse kusintha kwa mtundu. General magulu: kusintha kwa kutentha ndi kuwala kwa ultraviolet kwa utoto wa utoto, ngodya zosiyanasiyana, natural utoto wosintha mtundu (Chameleon). Kusintha kwa kutentha mkati mwa penti yomwe ili ndi kutentha kungayambitse kusintha kwa mankhwala ndi ma microcapsules osintha mtundu, ma microcapsules amtundu wa UV okhala ndi zithunzi zamitundu mitundu ya ultraviolet imalimbikitsa mitundu yowonetsera. Kupanga mfundo ya utoto wa Chameleon ndiye ukadaulo woyambira wa utoto wamagalimoto a Nano. Nano titaniyamuWerengani zambiri …
Momwe Mungayesere Mayeso a Coating Adhesion-Tepi
Kuyesa kofala kwambiri pakuyesa kumatira kwa zokutira ndi kuyesa kwa tepi-ndi-peel, komwe kwakhala kukugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira m'ma 1930. M'mawonekedwe ake osavuta chidutswa cha tepi yomatira imakanizidwa ndi filimu ya utoto ndi kukana ndi kuchuluka kwa kuchotsa filimu kumawonedwa pamene tepiyo ikuchotsedwa. Popeza kuti filimu yosasunthika yokhala ndi zomatira zoyamikirika nthawi zambiri samachotsedwa konse, kuopsa kwa mayeso nthawi zambiri kumawonjezeka podula chithunzicho.Werengani zambiri …
Kuchotsa zotsatira zobwera chifukwa cha kutulutsa mpweya mu zokutira ufa
Mmene Mungathetsere Zotsatira za Kutuluka Kwa Mafuta Mu Kupaka Ufa Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zatsimikiziridwa kuthetsa vutoli: 1. Kutentha Kwambiri Gawo: Njirayi ndiyo yotchuka kwambiri kuthetsa vuto la kutaya mpweya. Gawo loti likhale lopangidwa ndi preheated pamwamba pa kutentha kwa machiritso kwa nthawi yocheperapo kuti athetse ufa kuti alole mpweya wotsekedwa utulutsidwe musanayambe kugwiritsa ntchito kupaka ufa. Njira iyi mwina ayiWerengani zambiri …
Impact Testing Process for Qualicoat Standard
Za Ufa Poating Pokhapokha. Zotsatira zake ziyenera kuchitidwa kumbali yakumbuyo, pomwe zotsatira zake zidzawunikidwa pambali yophimbidwa. -Zovala zaufa wakalasi 1 (malaya amtundu umodzi ndi awiri), mphamvu: 2.5 Nm: EN ISO 6272-2 (m'mimba mwake: 15.9 mm) -Zovala ziwiri zaufa za PVDF, mphamvu: 1.5 Nm: EN ISO 6272-1 kapena TS EN ISO 6272-2 / ASTM D 2794 (m'mimba mwake: 15.9 mm) - Zopaka zaufa za Gulu 2 ndi 3, mphamvu: 2.5 Nm: EN ISO 6272-1 kapena EN ISO 6272-2Werengani zambiri …
Momwe Mungasungire Zida Zotsitsira
Muyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu ndi zida zopopera zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto kapena zokutira ufa ndizosamaliridwa bwino, zikugwira ntchito komanso zaudongo. Izi zikuphatikiza: kuyang'ana nthawi zonse kwa zida ndi mafakitale, kuphatikiza kuwongolera kwaukadaulo ndi makina olowera mpweya nthawi zonse kuyang'anira ndikuyesa kuchuluka kwa mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse. ndipo zida ziyenera kusungidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mtsogolo. Pokonza zokonzaWerengani zambiri …
Zoyenera Kuphulika kwa Fumbi Ndi Chiyani
Panthawi yopaka ufa , zomwe zimaphulika fumbi ziyenera kuchitidwa mosamala kwambiri kuti pasakhale vuto lililonse .Zinthu zingapo ziyenera kukhalapo nthawi imodzi kuti fumbi liphulika. Fumbi liyenera kuyaka (mokhudzana ndi mitambo ya fumbi, mawu oti "kuyaka", "kuyaka" ndi "kuphulika" onse ali ndi tanthauzo lofanana ndipo angagwiritsidwe ntchito mosiyana). Fumbi liyenera kumwazikana (kupanga mtambo mumlengalenga). Fumbi lachulukira liyenera kukhala mkati mwazomwe zitha kuphulikaWerengani zambiri …
Ndi ma resins ati omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zokutira za ufa wa thermoplastic
Pali ma resin atatu oyambira omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka ufa wa thermoplastic, vinyls, nayiloni ndi ma polyesters. Zidazi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhudzana ndi zakudya, zida zapabwalo lamasewera, ngolo zogulira, zosungiramo zipatala ndi zina. Ma thermoplastics ochepa amakhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana, magwiridwe antchito komanso kukhazikika komwe kumafunikira pamapulogalamu omwe amagwiritsa ntchito ufa wa thermoset. Mafuta a Thermoplastic ndi zinthu zolemera kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira kutentha kwambiri kuti zisungunuke ndikuyenda. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi bedi la fluidizedWerengani zambiri …
Kodi Thermoplastic Powder Coating ndi chiyani
Chophimba cha ufa wa thermoplastic chimasungunuka ndikuyenderera pakayaka kutentha, koma chimapitilira kukhala ndi mankhwala omwewo akakhazikika pakuzizira. Kupaka kwa ufa wa thermoplastic kumatengera utomoni wa thermoplastic wolemera kwambiri. The katundu zokutira izi zimadalira zinthu zofunika za utomoni. Ma resins olimba komanso osamva awa amakhala ovuta, komanso okwera mtengo, kuti alowe mu tinthu tating'onoting'ono tomwe timafunikira pakupopera ndi kusakaniza zoonda.Werengani zambiri …
Kukonzekera kwa Powder Coating Application Equipment
Pali njira zambiri zogwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zokutira ufa; ndipo pali zisanu ndi ziwiriral zida zokutira zopangira ufa posankha. Komabe, zinthu zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ziyenera kukhala zamtundu wogwirizana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi yamadzimadzi. ndiye zinthu ufa ❖ kuyanika ayenera kukhala fluidized bedi kalasi, Tikawonetsetsa, ngati njira ntchito ndi electrostatic kutsitsi, ndiye zakuthupi ufa ayenera electrostatic kutsitsi kalasi. Zinthuzo zitasankhidwa bwino, ndiye kutiWerengani zambiri …
Kodi Ubwino Wachuma Wa Powder Coating ndi Chiyani
Kuchepetsa mtengo wamagetsi ndi ntchito, magwiridwe antchito apamwamba, komanso chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndi zabwino zopaka ufa zomwe zimakopa omaliza ambiri. Kusungirako mtengo kwakukulu kungapezeke m'madera onsewa. Poyerekeza ndi makina okutira amadzimadzi, makina opaka ufa ali ndi zisanural zodziwikiratu zofunika zachuma ubwino. Palinso maubwino ambiri omwe sangaoneke ngati ofunika mwaokha koma, akaganiziridwa pamodzi, amathandizira kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri. Ngakhale mutu uwu udzayesa kubisa zonse zamtengo wapataliWerengani zambiri …
Kusamalira zitsulo zazitsulo za ufa
Momwe mungasungire zitsulo zachitsulo zokutira zachitsulo Zitsulo zimachitika chifukwa cha kuwala, kuyamwa ndi galasi zotsatira za zitsulo zamtundu wa pigment zomwe zili mu utoto. Mafuta achitsulo awa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kunja ndi mkati. Kuyeretsedwa ndi kukwanira kwa ufa, kwa chilengedwe kapena ntchito yomaliza, kumayamba ndi kusankha mtundu. Nthawi zina opanga ufa angafune kuyika topcoat yoyenera.Werengani zambiri …
Kodi masitepe azitsulo zokutira coil ndi chiyani
Awa ndi masitepe oyambira pakuyala koyala yachitsulo UNCOILER Pambuyo poyang'anitsitsa, imasuntha koyiloyo kupita ku choyatsira pomwe chitsulo chimayikidwa pamalo olipira kuti amasulire. KUGWIRITSA NTCHITO Kumayambiriro kwa koyilo ina kumangolumikizana mpaka kumapeto kwa koyilo yam'mbuyo, izi zimapangitsa kuti chingwe chophikiracho chisalekerere. Izi zimapangitsa kuti m'mphepete mwa malo olowamo mukhale "lilime" kapena "mchira" wa koyilo yachitsulo yomalizidwa. ENTRY TOWER CholowaWerengani zambiri …
Kupanga ndi kupanga utoto wapamwamba kwambiri wa polyester amino acrylic
Kupanga ndi kupanga zolimba za polyester amino acrylic paint High solids polyester amino acrylic penti imagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati topcoat pamagalimoto onyamula anthu, njinga zamoto ndi magalimoto ena okhala ndi chitetezo chabwino. utoto wa akiliriki, monga kupopera mankhwala a electrostatic, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mpweya, kupaka utoto. Kuyanika zinthu: kuphika pa 140 ℃ ndi 30min wandiweyani ℃ wandiweyani: Pa ndondomeko ntchito, pansi pa zikhalidwe zomwezo, mmodzi ℃ makulidwe ndi 1/3 kuposa wamba mkulu-zolimba utoto, amene angatheWerengani zambiri …
Chithandizo chapamwamba cha inorganic pigments
Kuchiza pamwamba pa inorganic pigments Pambuyo pa mankhwala a inorganic pigments, ntchito ya inki ikhoza kupitilizidwa bwino, ndipo zotsatira zake zikuwonetseratu maonekedwe ake, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa njira zazikulu zopititsira patsogolo mtundu wa pigment. Udindo wa mankhwala pamwamba Zotsatira za mankhwala pamwamba akhoza mwachidule mu zinthu zitatu zotsatirazi: kusintha katundu wa pigment palokha, monga mitundu mphamvu ndi kubisala mphamvu; kusintha magwiridwe antchito, ndiWerengani zambiri …
Hot Press Transfer VS Sublimation Transfer
Gulu la kusamutsidwa kwamafuta Kuchokera pamtundu wa inki, pali makina osindikizira otentha osindikizira ndi kusamutsa kwa sublimation; kuchokera pamalo omwe amasamutsidwa pali nsalu, pulasitiki (mbale, mapepala, filimu), ceramic ndi zitsulo zokutira mbale, etc.; kuchokera ndondomeko yosindikiza, pakhoza kugawidwa m'magulu gulu ku gawo lapansi matenthedwe kutengerapo pepala ndi filimu pulasitiki; kusindikiza pazenera, lithographic, gravure, letterpress, inkjet ndi riboni yosindikiza. Zotsatirazi zikuwonetsa zotenthaWerengani zambiri …
Ngozi Yopaka Powder
Kodi kuwopsa kwa kupaka ufa ndi chiyani? Utoto wambiri wokutira ufa umakhala wocheperako komanso wowopsa, ndipo wochiritsa ndi poizoni kwambiri kuposa utomoni. Komabe, akapangidwa kukhala zokutira ufa, kawopsedwe ka mankhwala ochiritsa amakhala ochepa kwambiri kapena osakhala poizoni. Kuyesera kwa zinyama kwasonyeza kuti palibe imfa ndi zizindikiro zovulaza pambuyo pokoka mpweya wa kupaka ufa, koma pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mkwiyo kwa maso ndi khungu. Ngakhale general zokutira za ufa ali nazoWerengani zambiri …
Faraday Cage Mu Powder Coating application
Tiyeni tiyambe kuyang'ana zomwe zimachitika mu danga pakati pa kupopera mfuti ndi gawo pa electrostatic ufa ❖ kuyanika ndondomeko ntchito. Pachithunzi 1, mphamvu yamagetsi yokwera yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kunsonga ya electrode yothamangitsira mfuti imapanga malo amagetsi (owonetsedwa ndi mizere yofiira) pakati pa mfuti ndi gawo lokhazikika. Izi zimabweretsa chitukuko cha kutulutsa kwa corona. Kuchuluka kwa ma ion aulere opangidwa ndi kutulutsa kwa corona kumadzaza malo pakati pa mfuti ndi gawolo.Werengani zambiri …
Kukhathamiritsa kwaukadaulo wopaka utoto wowonda kwambiri
Ukadaulo wopaka utoto wowonda kwambiri si njira yofunikira yopangira zokutira ufa, komanso imodzi mwamavuto omwe dziko lapansi likukumana nawo pozungulira penti. Zopaka zaufa sizimakwaniritsa zokutira zowonda kwambiri, zomwe sizimangochepetsa kuchuluka kwake, komanso kumapangitsa kuti zokutira zokhuthala (jini)rally 70um pamwamba). Ndi zosafunika zinyalala ndalama zambiri ntchito amene safuna ❖ kuyanika wandiweyani. Kuti athetse vutoli padziko lonse lapansi kuti akwaniritse zokutira zoonda kwambiri, akatswiri ateroWerengani zambiri …
Momwe Mungapangire Aluminiyamu Powder - Kupaka Aluminiyamu Powder
Aluminiyamu ya Powder Coat Poyerekeza ndi utoto wamba, kupaka ufa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri kumayikidwa pazigawo zapansi panthaka zomwe sizikhala nthawi yayitali pamalo olimba. Izi zitha kukhala zothandiza kwa DIY ngati pali zida zambiri za aluminiyamu zakuzungulira zomwe zimafunikira pakupaka ufa. sikovutanso kugula mfuti yopaka ufa pamsika wanu kuposa kupopera utoto. Malangizo 1.Yeretsani gawolo kwathunthu, ndikuchotsa utoto uliwonse, dothi kapena mafuta. Onetsetsani kuti zida zilizonse zomwe siziyenera kukutidwa (monga mphete za O-kapena zosindikizira) zachotsedwa. 2.Maski malo aliwonse a gawolo kuti asamangidwe pogwiritsa ntchito tepi yotentha kwambiri. Kuti mutseke mabowo, gulani mapulagi a silikoni ogwiritsidwanso ntchito omwe amakanikiza mu dzenjelo. Chotsani malo akuluakulu pogogoda pachojambula cha aluminiyamu. 3.Ikani gawolo pazitsulo za waya kapena mupachike ku ndowe yachitsulo. Lembani chidebe cha ufa cha mfuti ndi ufa wosapitirira 1/3 wodzaza.Lumikizani chojambula chapansi cha mfuti ku rack. 4.Tsukani gawolo ndi ufa, kuphimba mofanana ndi kwathunthu.Kwa mbali zambiri, chovala chimodzi chokha chidzafunika. 5.Preheat uvuni kuti uphike.Ikani gawolo mu uvuni ndikusamala kuti musagwedeze gawolo kapena kukhudza zokutira.Fufuzani zolemba za ufa wanu wokutira za kutentha kofunikira ndi nthawi yochiritsa. 6.Chotsani gawolo mu uvuni ndikusiya kuti lizizire. Chotsani masking tepi kapena mapulagi. Zindikirani: Onetsetsani kuti mfutiyo yalumikizidwa pamalo otsetsereka bwino.Mfutiyo singagwire ntchito popanda kulumikiza pansi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri za njira ya aluminiyamu ya ufa, chonde omasukaWerengani zambiri …
Mtundu Kuzirala mu zokutira
Kusintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa mtundu kapena kuzimiririka kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mitundu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka utoto. Zotikira zopepuka nthawi zambiri zimapangidwa ndi inorganic pigments. Izi inorganic pigments zimakhala zolimba komanso zofooka ngati tinting mphamvu koma zimakhala zokhazikika komanso zosasweka mosavuta chifukwa cha kuwala kwa UV. Kuti mukwaniritse mitundu yakuda, nthawi zina ndikofunikira kupanga ndi ma organic pigments. Nthawi zina, ma inki awa amatha kuwonongeka ndi kuwala kwa UV. Ngati organic pigmentWerengani zambiri …
Momwe mungachepetsere pigment ya ngale
Momwe mungachepetsere kuchuluka kwa ma pigment a ngale Ngati ndi choncho, kuchepa kwa pigment ya ngale, mtengo wa inki udzakhala wotsika, udzayendetsedwa ndi inki yayikulu ya ngale, koma pali njira yabwino yogwiritsira ntchito inki ya pearlescent inki? Yankho ndi lakuti inde . Chepetsani kuchuluka kwa pigment ya pearlescent , kotero mfundoyi imakhala yolunjika parallel ku pigment yonyeka ya ngale kuti mukwaniritse ngati mtundu wa ngaleWerengani zambiri …
Ubwino wa Epoxy Polyester Hybrids Powder Coating
Ubwino wa Epoxy Polyester Hybrids Powder Coating Epoxy powder zokutira zochokera ku teknoloji yatsopano zimadziwika kuti epoxy-polyester "hybrids" kapena "multipolymer". Gulu la zokutira za ufa likhoza kuonedwa ngati gawo la banja la epoxy, kupatula kuti kuchuluka kwa polyester yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito (nthawi zambiri kuposa theka la utomoni) imapangitsa kuti gululo likhale lolakwika. Makhalidwe a zokutira zosakanizidwazi ndizofanana kwambiri ndi ma epoxies kuposa ma polyesters, ndi zina zodziwika bwino. Amawonetsa kusinthasintha kofananira ndi mawu aWerengani zambiri …
Njira yopopera mankhwala ndi zofunikira za jiniral ndi zokutira zaluso za ufa
Otchedwa Powder ❖ kuyanika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya munda magetsi mkulu voteji electrostatic corona. Ogwirizana ndi mkulu-voteji anode zitsulo deflector muyezo pa mfuti mutu, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa workpiece pansi mapangidwe zabwino, kotero kuti mapangidwe amphamvu malo amodzi magetsi kumunda pakati pa mfuti ndi workpiece. Pamene wothinikizidwa mpweya monga chonyamulira mpweya, mbiya ya zokutira ufa ufa anatumiza mungu chubu kupopera mfuti deflector ndodo,Werengani zambiri …
Zapadera ndi kusungirako zokutira za ufa
Kusungirako zokutira za Ufa Kupaka kwa ufa ndi mtundu watsopano wa zosungunulira zopanda 100% zokutira za ufa wolimba. Ili ndi magulu awiri: zokutira za ufa wa thermoplastic ndi zokutira za ufa wa thermosetting. ❖ kuyanika utomoni wapadera, fillers, kuchiritsa wothandizila ndi zina zina, kuti gawo lina la osakaniza ndiyeno ndi otentha extrusion ndi kuphwanya ndondomeko sifting ndi zina okonzeka kuchokera. Pa firiji, kusunga bata, electrostatic kutsitsi kapena fluidized bedi kuviika, ndiyeno kutentha kutentha kwa kusungunuka ndi kulimba,Werengani zambiri …
Anti-corrosion epoxy powder yokutira imagwira ntchito yoteteza
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa chitetezo cha cathodic ndi chitetezo cha dzimbiri, kumapangitsa kuti pansi pa nthaka kapena pansi pa madzi zitsulo zikhale zotetezeka kwambiri komanso zothandiza. Nthawi zambiri yokutidwa ndi ❖ kuyanika zoteteza musanayambe ntchito, kwa zitsulo ndi dielectric chilengedwe magetsi kutchinjiriza kudzipatula, ❖ kuyanika wabwino akhoza kuteteza zoposa 99% ya nyumba kunja dzimbiri. Kupaka chitoliro pakupanga, zoyendera ndi zomanga, sikungatsimikizire kuwononga kulikonse kwa (kudzaza pakamwa,Werengani zambiri …
ASTM D3359-02-KUYESA NJIRA YA Nkhwangwa-DULA TAPE
ASTM D3359-02-KUYESA NJIRA YOPHUNZITSIRA TEPI YA Nkhwangwa 5. Zida ndi Zipangizo 5.1 Chida Chodulira—Lumo lakuthwa, chowomba, mpeni kapena zida zina zodulira. Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti m'mphepete mwake mukhale bwino. 5.2 Chodulira-Chitsulo kapena chitsulo china chowongoka cholimba kuti muwonetsetse mabala owongoka. 5.3 Tepi—25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure sensitive tepi7 yokhala ndi mphamvu yomatira yogwirizana ndi wogulitsa ndipo wogwiritsa ntchito akufunika. Chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa mphamvu zomatira kuchokera ku batch-to-batch ndi nthawi,Werengani zambiri …