Chidule Chachidule cha Polyethylene Resin

Chidule Chachidule cha Polyethylene Resin

Polyethylene (PE) ndi a Thermoplastic utomoni akamagwira polymerizing ethylene. M'makampani, ma copolymers a ethylene okhala ndi alpha-olefins ochepa amaphatikizidwanso. Utoto wa polyethylene ndi wopanda fungo, wopanda poizoni, umakhala ngati sera, umakhala ndi kutentha kochepa kwambiri (kutentha kocheperako kumatha kufika -100~-70°C), kukhazikika kwamankhwala abwino, ndipo kumatha kukana kukokoloka kwa asidi ndi zamchere (sikugonjetsedwa ndi okosijeni). asidi zachilengedwe). Sasungunuke muzosungunulira wamba kutentha kwa chipinda, ndi mayamwidwe otsika amadzi komanso kutchinjiriza kwamagetsi kwabwino kwambiri.

Polyethylene inapangidwa ndi British ICI Company mu 1922, ndipo mu 1933, British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company inapeza kuti ethylene ikhoza kupangidwa ndi polymerized kupanga polyethylene pansi pa kupanikizika kwakukulu. Njirayi idapangidwa m'mafakitale mu 1939 ndipo imadziwika kuti njira yothamanga kwambiri. Mu 1953, K. Ziegler wa Federal Republic of Germany idapeza kuti ndi TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 ngati chothandizira, ethylene imatha kupangidwanso polima pansi pa kupanikizika kochepa. Njirayi idayikidwa pakupanga mafakitale mu 1955 ndi Hearst Company of the Federal Republic of Germany, ndipo amadziwika kuti low pressure polyethylene. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1950, kampani ya Philips Petroleum ya ku United States inapeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito chromium oxide-silica alumina monga chothandizira, ethylene ikhoza kupangidwa ndi polyethylene yokhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, ndipo kupanga mafakitale kunadziwika mu 1957. M'zaka za m'ma 1960. , Kampani ya ku Canada ya DuPont inayamba kupanga polyethylene yotsika kwambiri ndi ethylene ndi α-olefin ndi njira yothetsera. Mu 1977, Union Carbide Company ndi Dow Chemical Company ya ku United States motsatizana anagwiritsa ntchito njira yochepetsera mphamvu kupanga polyethylene yotsika kwambiri, yotchedwa linear low-density polyethylene, yomwe njira ya gasi ya Union Carbide Company inali yofunika kwambiri. Kachitidwe ka polyethylene yotsika kachulukidwe kakang'ono ndi kofanana ndi kachulukidwe kakang'ono ka polyethylene, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe ena a polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri. Kuonjezera apo, mphamvu yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu popanga imakhala yochepa, choncho yakula mofulumira kwambiri ndipo yakhala imodzi mwazinthu zatsopano zopangira maso.

Ukadaulo wapakatikati wa njira yotsika yotsika umakhala mu chothandizira. Dongosolo la TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 lopangidwa ndi Ziegler ku Germany ndilothandizira m'badwo woyamba wa polyolefins. Mu 1963, Belgian Solvay Company idachita upainiya wothandizira m'badwo wachiwiri wokhala ndi magnesium pawiri monga chonyamulira, ndipo mphamvu yothandiza idafika makumi masauzande mpaka mazana masauzande a magalamu a polyethylene pa gramu ya titaniyamu. Kugwiritsa ntchito chothandizira cham'badwo wachiwiri kungathenso kupulumutsa pambuyo pa chithandizo chochotsa zotsalira zoyambitsa. Pambuyo pake, zida zogwiritsira ntchito kwambiri njira ya gasi zidapangidwa. Mu 1975, Italy Monte Edison Group Corporation inapanga chothandizira chomwe chimatha kupanga polyethylene yozungulira popanda granulation. Zimatchedwa chothandizira cham'badwo wachitatu, chomwe ndi kusintha kwina pakupanga polyethylene yapamwamba kwambiri.

Utoto wa polyethylene umakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kupsinjika kwa chilengedwe (mankhwala ndi makina ochitapo kanthu) ndipo sulimbana ndi ukalamba wotentha kuposa ma polima potengera kapangidwe kake ndi kukonza. Polyethylene akhoza kukonzedwa ndi ochiritsira thermoplastic akamaumba njira. Lili ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mafilimu, zipangizo zonyamula katundu, zotengera, mapaipi, monofilaments, mawaya ndi zingwe, zofunikira za tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati zipangizo zotetezera ma TV, ma radar, etc.

Ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale a petrochemical, kupanga polyethylene kwakula mwachangu, ndipo zotulutsa zimatengera pafupifupi 1/4 ya pulasitiki yonse. Mu 1983, mphamvu ya polyethylene padziko lonse lapansi inali 24.65 Mt, ndipo mphamvu ya mayunitsi omwe akumangidwa anali 3.16 Mt. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zaposachedwa mu 2011, mphamvu yopanga dziko lonse lapansi inafika ku 96 Mt. ndipo kudya kukusunthira pang'onopang'ono kupita ku Asia, ndipo China ikukhala msika wofunikira kwambiri wa ogula.