Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka Polyethylene Resin
Hoʻopuka pōkole o ka Polyethylene Resin
ʻO ka Polyethylene (PE) kahi mea ʻeleʻele resin i loaʻa ma ka polymerizing ethylene. Ma ka ʻoihana, ua hoʻokomo pū ʻia nā copolymers o ka ethylene me ka liʻiliʻi o nā alpha-olefins. ʻO ka polyethylene resin he meaʻalaʻole,ʻaʻohe meaʻawaʻawa, manaʻo e like me ka wax, he haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa maikaʻi loa (hiki i ka mahana hana liʻiliʻi ke hiki i -100 ~ -70 ° C), paʻa kemika maikaʻi, a hiki ke kū'ē i ka nui o ka waikawa a me ka alkali erosion (ʻaʻole kū i ka oxidation. ʻakika kūlohelohe). ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i nā mea hoʻoheheʻe maʻamau i ka lumi wela, me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o ka wai a me ka insulation uila maikaʻi loa.
Ua hana ʻia ka Polyethylene e ka British ICI Company i ka makahiki 1922, a i ka makahiki 1933, ua ʻike ka British Bonemen Chemical Industry Company e hiki ke hana ʻia ka ethylene e hana i ka polyethylene ma lalo o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Ua hana ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka makahiki 1939 a ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ia ʻo ke ala kaomi kiʻekiʻe. I ka makahiki 1953, K. Ziegler o ka Federal Ua ʻike ʻo Repubalika o Kelemania me TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 ma ke ʻano he catalyst, hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia ka ethylene ma lalo o ke kaomi haʻahaʻa. Ua hoʻokomo ʻia kēia ʻano hana i ka hana ʻoihana ma 1955 e ka Hearst Company of the Federal Lepupalika o Kelemānia, a ua ʻike nui ʻia ʻo ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. I nā makahiki 1950 mua, ua ʻike ka Philips Petroleum Company o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka chromium oxide-silica alumina ma ke ʻano he catalyst, hiki ke polymerized ka ethylene e hana i ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe ma lalo o ke kaomi waena, a ua hoʻokō ʻia ka hana ʻoihana ma 1957. I ka makahiki 1960. , Ua hoʻomaka ka Canadian DuPont Company e hana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka ethylene a me ka α-olefin ma ke ʻano hoʻonā. I ka makahiki 1977, ua hoʻohana ʻo Union Carbide Company a me Dow Chemical Company o ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa no ka hana ʻana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, i kapa ʻia he polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa laina, ʻo ia ka mea nui o ke ʻano hana kinoea o Union Carbide Company. ʻO ka hana o ka linear haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa polyethylene like me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa polyethylene, a loaʻa iā ia kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe. Eia kekahi, he haʻahaʻa ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu i ka hana ʻana, no laila ua ulu wikiwiki loa ia a ua lilo ia i hoʻokahi o nā resins synthetic hou.
Aia ka ʻenehana kumu o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa i ka catalyst. ʻO ka ʻōnaehana TiCl4-Al(C2H5)3 i haku ʻia e Ziegler ma Kelemānia ʻo ia ka mea hoʻoikaika mua no nā polyolefins. I ka makahiki 1963, ua hoʻokumu ka Belgian Solvay Company i ka lua o ka hanauna catalyst me ka magnesium compound e like me ka mea lawe, a hiki i ka catalytic efficiency i nā ʻumi tausani a hiki i nā haneli haneli o ka polyethylene no ka gram of titanium. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lua o ka hanauna catalyst hiki ke mālama i ke kaʻina hana hope no ka wehe ʻana i nā koena catalyst. Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā catalysts kiʻekiʻe no ke ʻano hana kinoea. I ka makahiki 1975, ua hoʻokumu ʻo Italia Monte Edison Group Corporation i kahi catalyst hiki ke hana pololei i ka polyethylene spherical me ka ʻole o ka granulation. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ke kolu o ka hanauna catalyst, ʻo ia kekahi kipi i ka hana ʻana o ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe.
ʻO ka polyethylene resin ka mea maʻalahi i ke koʻikoʻi o ke kaiapuni (kemika a me ka hana mechanical) a ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka ʻelemakule wela ma mua o nā polymers ma ke ʻano o ke ʻano kemika a me ka hana ʻana. Hiki ke hana ʻia ka polyethylene e nā ʻano hana hoʻoheheʻe thermoplastic maʻamau. Loaʻa iā ia ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana, i hoʻohana nui ʻia e hana i nā kiʻiʻoniʻoni, nā mea hoʻopihapiha, nā ipu, nā paipu, monofilaments, nā uea a me nā kaula, nā mea e pono ai i kēlā me kēia lā, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā mea insulating kiʻekiʻe no nā TV, radars, etc.
Me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana petrochemical, ua hoʻomohala wikiwiki ka hana polyethylene, a ʻo ka helu hoʻopuka e pili ana i ka 1/4 o ka nui o nā huahana plastik. I ka makahiki 1983, he 24.65 Mt ka nui o ka nui o ka hana polyethylene o ka honua, a he 3.16 Mt ka nui o nā ʻāpana i kūkulu ʻia. a ke neʻe mālie nei ka ʻai ʻana i Asia, a ke piʻi nei ʻo Kina i ka mākeke mea kūʻai nui loa.