He aha ke kaʻina hana o ka Polyethylene
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka polyethylene i:
- Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
- Puʻe waena
- ʻano kaomi haʻahaʻa. E pili ana i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, aia ke ʻano slurry, ke ʻano hoʻonā a me ke ʻano hana kinoea.
Hoʻohana ʻia ke ʻano kaomi kiʻekiʻe e hana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa. Ua kūkulu mua ʻia kēia ʻano hana. ʻO ka polyethylene i hana ʻia e kēia ʻano hana e pili ana i ka 2/3 o ka huina o ka polyethylene, akā me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana hana a me nā catalysts, ʻoi aku ka nui o kona ulu ʻana ma hope o ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
E pili ana i ke ʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, aia ke ʻano slurry, ke ʻano hoʻonā a me ke ʻano hana kinoea. Hoʻohana nui ʻia ke ʻano slurry e hana i ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ʻo ke ʻano hoʻonā a me ke kaʻina hana kinoea ʻaʻole hiki ke hana wale i ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe, akā hana pū kekahi me ka polyethylene medium a me ka haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ma o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā comonomers, i ʻike ʻia ʻo linear low density polyethylene. vinyl. Ke ulu wikiwiki nei nā ʻano hana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa.
ʻO keʻano o ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe
ʻO ke ʻano o ka polymerizing ethylene i loko o ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka oxygen a i ʻole peroxide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻomaka. Hoʻokomo ʻo Ethylene i ka reactor ma hope o ke kaomi lua, a ua polymerized i polyethylene ma lalo o ke kaomi o 100-300 MPa, ka mahana o 200-300 ° C a me ka hana o kahi mea hoʻomaka. Hoʻopili ʻia ka polyethylene i ke ʻano o ka plastic a pelletized ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā mea hoʻohui plastik.
ʻO nā reactors polymerization i hoʻohana ʻia he tubular reactors (me ka lōʻihi o ka paipu a hiki i 2000 m) a me nā reactors tank. ʻO ka helu hoʻololi hoʻokahi-pass o ke kaʻina tubular he 20% a 34%, a ʻo ka mana hana makahiki o kahi laina hoʻokahi he 100 kt. ʻO ka helu hoʻololi hoʻokahi-pass o ke kaʻina hana kīʻaha he 20% a 25%, a ʻo ka mana hana makahiki hoʻokahi he 180 kt.
Keʻano haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa
ʻO kēia kekahi kaʻina hana o ka polyethylene, ʻekolu mau ʻano: slurry method, solution method and gas phase method. Ma waho o ke ʻano hoʻonā, ʻo ke kaomi polymerization ma lalo o 2 MPa. ʻO ka general ʻO nā ʻanuʻu ka hoʻomākaukau catalyst, ka polymerization ethylene, ka hoʻokaʻawale polymer a me ka granulation.
①Keʻano slurry:
ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka polyethylene i loko o ka solvent a ma ke ʻano he slurry. ʻO nā kūlana polymerization slurry he maʻalahi a maʻalahi hoʻi e hana. Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ka Alkyl aluminika ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoulu, a hoʻohana ʻia ka hydrogen ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoponopono paona molekala, a hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi pahu reactor. Hoʻokomo ʻia ka slurry polymer mai ka pahu polymerization i ka pahu uila, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale kinoea-wai i ka pauka maloʻo, a laila granulated. ʻO ke kaʻina hana pū kekahi me nā ʻanuʻu e like me ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka solvent a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe solvent. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia nā kīʻaha polymerization like ʻole ma ka moʻo a i ʻole ma ka parallel no ka loaʻa ʻana o nā huahana me nā puʻunaue kaumaha molekala like ʻole.
②Ke ala hoʻonā:
Lawe ʻia ka polymerization i loko o kahi solvent, akā ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka ethylene a me ka polyethylene i ka solvent, a ʻo ka ʻōnaehana hopena he hopena homogeneous. He kiʻekiʻe ka wela o ka hopena (≥140 ℃) a me ke kaomi (4～5MPa). Hōʻike ʻia ia e ka manawa polymerization pōkole, ka ikaika hana kiʻekiʻe, a hiki ke hana i ka polyethylene me nā kiʻekiʻe, waena a me nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hiki ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi i nā waiwai o ka huahana; akā naʻe, ʻo ka polymer i loaʻa ma ke ʻano hoʻonā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ke kaumaha, ka hāʻawi ʻana i ke kaumaha molekala haiki, a me ka mea paʻa. Haʻahaʻa ka ʻike.
③Keʻano hana kinoea:
Hoʻopili ʻia ʻo Ethylene ma ke ʻano kinoea, generalme ka hoʻohana ʻana i kahi reactor moe wai. ʻElua ʻano catalysts: chromium series a me titanium series, i hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka moena mai ka pahu mālama, a hoʻohana ʻia ka holo ʻana o ka ethylene kiʻekiʻe e mālama i ka fluidization o ka moena a hoʻopau i ka wela o ka polymerization. Hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka polyethylene mai ka lalo o ka reactor. ʻO ke kaomi o ka reactor ma kahi o 2 MPa, a ʻo ka mahana he 85-100 °C.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana kinoea ke ʻano koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana i ka polyethylene haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa linear. Hoʻopau ke kaʻina hana kinoea i ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka solvent a me ka maloʻo polymer, a mālama i ka 15% o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me 10% o ke kumukūʻai hana i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke ʻano hoʻonā. ʻO ia ka 30% o ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana o ke ʻano kuʻuna kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe a me 1/6 o ka uku hana. No laila ua ulu wikiwiki. Eia nō naʻe, pono e hoʻomaikaʻi hou ʻia ke ʻano hana kinoea e pili ana i ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me nā ʻano like ʻole.
ʻO ke ʻano o ke kaomi ʻana
Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka mea hoʻoheheʻe chromium i kākoʻo ʻia ma ka silica gel, i loko o kahi reactor loop, ua polymerized ka ethylene ma lalo o ke kaomi waena e hana i ka polyethylene kiʻekiʻe.
He aha ke kaʻina hana o ka Polyethylene