Menene Tsarin Samar da Polyethylene
Ana iya raba tsarin samar da polyethylene zuwa:
- Hanyar matsa lamba, ana amfani da hanyar matsa lamba don samar da ƙananan ƙarancin polyethylene.
- Matsakaicin matsakaici
- Hanyar ƙananan matsa lamba. Dangane da hanyar ƙananan matsa lamba, akwai hanyar slurry, hanyar warwarewa da hanyar lokacin gas.
Ana amfani da hanyar matsa lamba don samar da ƙananan ƙarancin polyethylene. An kirkiro wannan hanya da wuri. Polyethylene da aka samar ta wannan hanyar yana lissafin kusan 2/3 na jimlar adadin polyethylene, amma tare da haɓaka fasahar samarwa da haɓakawa, haɓakar haɓakar sa ya kasance mai mahimmanci a bayan hanyar ƙarancin matsin lamba.
Dangane da hanyar ƙananan matsa lamba, akwai hanyar slurry, hanyar warwarewa da hanyar lokacin gas. Hanyar slurry galibi ana amfani da ita don samar da polyethylene mai girma, yayin da hanyar mafita da tsarin lokaci na gas ba zai iya samar da polyethylene mai girma kawai ba, amma kuma yana samar da matsakaici da ƙarancin polyethylene ta ƙara comonomers, wanda kuma aka sani da layin low density polyethylene. vinyl. Daban-daban ƙananan matakai suna tasowa cikin sauri.
Hanyar Matsi Mai Girma
Hanyar polymerizing ethylene cikin ƙananan ƙarancin polyethylene ta amfani da oxygen ko peroxide a matsayin mai ƙaddamarwa. Ethylene yana shiga cikin reactor bayan matsawa na biyu, kuma an sanya shi cikin polyethylene a ƙarƙashin matsin lamba na 100-300 MPa, zafin jiki na 200-300 ° C da aikin mai ƙaddamarwa. Ana fitar da polyethylene a cikin nau'i na filastik kuma ana yin pelletized bayan ƙara kayan daɗaɗɗen filastik.
The polymerization reactors amfani da su ne tubular reactors (tare da tube tsawon har zuwa 2000 m) da kuma tanki reactors. Matsakaicin juzu'in juzu'i guda ɗaya na tsarin tubular shine 20% zuwa 34%, kuma ƙarfin samarwa na shekara-shekara na layi ɗaya shine 100kt. Matsakaicin juzu'in juzu'i guda ɗaya na tsarin hanyar kettle shine 20% zuwa 25%, kuma ƙarfin samar da layi ɗaya na shekara-shekara shine 180 kt.
Hanyar Ƙunƙarar Matsi
Wannan shi ne wani samarwa na polyethylene, yana da nau'ikan uku: Hanyar slurry, hanya mafi kyau. Sai dai hanyar mafita, matsa lamba na polymerization yana ƙasa da 2 MPa. Halittaral Matakan sun haɗa da shirye-shiryen mai kara kuzari, polymerization ethylene, rabuwar polymer da granulation.
①Hanyar slurry:
Sakamakon polyethylene ba shi da narkewa a cikin sauran ƙarfi kuma yana cikin nau'i na slurry. Yanayin polymerization na slurry yana da sauƙi kuma mai sauƙin aiki. Ana amfani da Alkyl aluminum a matsayin mai kunnawa, kuma ana amfani da hydrogen a matsayin mai sarrafa nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kuma ana amfani da reactor na tanki sau da yawa. Ana amfani da slurry na polymer daga tanki na polymerization ta cikin tanki mai walƙiya, mai raba ruwan gas zuwa na'urar bushewa, sa'an nan kuma granulated. Tsarin samarwa kuma ya haɗa da matakai kamar dawo da sauran ƙarfi da tacewa. Ana iya haɗa kettles na polymerization daban-daban a cikin jerin ko a cikin parallel don samun samfurori tare da rarraba nauyin nauyin kwayoyin daban-daban.
②Hanyar Magani:
Ana yin polymerization a cikin wani ƙarfi, amma duka ethylene da polyethylene suna narkar da su a cikin sauran ƙarfi, kuma tsarin amsawa shine bayani mai kama. A dauki zazzabi (≥140 ℃) da kuma matsa lamba (4 ~ 5MPa) ne high. An kwatanta shi da ɗan gajeren lokaci polymerization, babban ƙarfin samarwa, kuma yana iya samar da polyethylene tare da babba, matsakaici da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma zai iya sarrafa kaddarorin samfurin; duk da haka, polymer ɗin da aka samu ta hanyar hanyar warwarewa yana da ƙananan nauyin kwayoyin halitta, kunkuntar nauyin nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da kayan abu mai ƙarfi. Abun ciki yana da ƙasa.
③ Hanyar iskar gas:
Ethylene ne polymerized a cikin gaseous jihar, generally ta amfani da reactor na gado mai ruwa. Akwai nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i nau'i) ƙarawa a cikin gado daga tanki, kuma ana amfani da hawan ethylene wurare dabam dabam don kula da ruwa na gado da kuma kawar da zafi na polymerization. Sakamakon polyethylene yana fitowa daga kasa na reactor. Matsi na reactor yana da kusan 2 MPa, kuma zafin jiki shine 85-100 ° C.
Hanyar gas-lokaci ita ce hanya mafi mahimmanci don samar da ƙananan ƙananan polyethylene na layi. Hanyar gas-lokaci ta kawar da tsarin dawo da ƙarfi da bushewa na polymer, kuma yana adana 15% na saka hannun jari da 10% na farashin aiki idan aka kwatanta da hanyar mafita. Yana da kashi 30% na saka hannun jari na hanyar babban matsa lamba na gargajiya da 1/6 na kuɗin aiki. Don haka ya ci gaba da sauri. Koyaya, ana buƙatar ƙarin haɓaka hanyar iskar gas dangane da ingancin samfur da iri-iri.
Hanyar Matsakaicin Matsakaici
Yin amfani da mai haɓaka tushen chromium wanda aka goyan baya akan gel silica, a cikin injin madauki, ethylene yana polymerized ƙarƙashin matsakaicin matsa lamba don samar da polyethylene mai girma.
Menene Tsarin Samar da Polyethylene